Hormones in Neuroscience

Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries. Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King’s College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Professor Preedy has been elected as a Fellow to the following Royal Societies: The Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Royal Society of Medicine. He was founding Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London and held the post from 2006 to 2020. He is a leading expert on the science of health and has a long-standing interest in disease processes, biomarkers, and tissue pathology. He has lectured nationally and internationally. Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and numerous books and volumes. Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects. Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.

• Section 1: Introductory Chapters1. An introduction to the Thyroid Gland2. Thyroid Hormones: An Introduction3. Enzymes Involved in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism and Status4. Diseases of the Thyroid Gland and Thyroid Hormone Production: Autoimmunity and BeyondSection 2: Psychology and Behavior as a Consequence of Changes in Neurological Tissues5. Free Thyroxine and Psychosis6. Hypothyroidism and Impact on Anxiety and Depression7. Mental State and Thyroid Hormones: Bipolar Disorder8. Thyroid Patients and Adverse Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown9. Thyroidectomy and Quality of Life DomainsSection 3: Focused Areas of Neurological Pathology and Physiology10. 3,3',5-Triiodothyroacetic Acid and Effects on Cerebrum11. Brain Demyelination, Remyelination and Thyroid Hormones12. Environmental Toxicants, Thyroid Hormones and Gene Expression in the Brain13. The Thyroid Hormone Transporter, Transthyretin (TTR) and Effects of Stress on the Brain14. Thyroid Hormones and the Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease15. Thyroid Hormones and the Hypothalamus16. Thyroid Signaling and Glial CellsSection 4: Treatment Regimens Modulating Thyroid Status and Effects on Neurological Tissues17. Levothyroxine and Effects on the Brain: MRI and Beyond18. Levothyroxine Treatments in Pregnancy and Impact on Cognition in Offspring19. Nomedicines with Promyelinating Agent TriiodothyronineSection 5: Non-Thyroid Treatment Regimens20. Alemtuzumab and Impact on Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction21. Changes in Thyroid Status in Response to Drugs Used in Epilepsy: A New Narrative22. Lithium Use in Mental Health and Impact on Thyroid StatusSection 6: Diseases of the Thyroid or Thyroid Status And Impact On Brain And Behavior23. Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Blood Flow to the Brain24. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Linking Anxiety and Depression25. Postpartum Thyroiditis and Links with DepressionSection 7: Diet and Nutrition and Impact on Thyroid Status and Neuroscientific Domains or Behavior27. Arginine and Endocrine Status: A Focus on Thyroid Hormones28. Brain Damage in Hyperthyroidism: Effect of Nutraceuticals29. Iodine in Pregnancy and Brain of Offspring30. Resveratrol and Related Polyphenols: Impact on TRH in Neurological Tissues31. Thyroid Function and Postnatal Depression