Hormones in Neuroscience

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries. Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects. Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King’s College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications.

• Section 1. Introductory Chapters1. Pancreatic hormones: a focus on amylin―a new narrative2. Computational modeling of the pancreas and pancreatic function3. Pancreatic hormones and the gut-brain axis4. Somatostatin: a crossroad between pancreatic and neural pathways5. Feeding and fasting and impact on pancreatic hormones: insulin and beyondSection 2. Focused areas of neurological pathology and physiology6. Type 2 diabetes and the increased risk of dementia7. The interstitial fluid dynamics and diabetes mellitus8. Brain insulin receptor gene networks, behavior and disease risk over the life course9. Linking exosomes and neuropathy in diabetics conditions10. The divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), neuroprotection and insulin11. Peripheral nerves in diabetic neuropathy: Features and methods12. Linking brain insulin receptors, neural stem cells and synaptic plasticity: potential implications forneurodegenerative disordersSection 3. Psychology and behavior as a consequence of changes in the pancreas or pancreatic endocrine status or the effects of hormones13. Cognitive links with brain insulin signaling in metabolism: a new narrative14. Insulin-linked synaptic modulation in Alzheimer’s pathology: Emerging potential of nanofibers15. Sexual dysfunction and mood symptoms in diabetic16. Anxiety related behavior in parents of diabetic children17. Insulin signaling and impairments in executive functions in preclinical models: a narrative approachSection 4. Treatment regimens modulating pancreatic hormones status and impact on neurological tissues and behavior18. Drugs used in treating diabetes and insulin resistance: neurological and behavioral effects19. Insulin treatments and effects on neurotransmitters20. Pancreas and pancreatic hormones: insulin dosing behavior and “insulin metrics”21. Metformin treatment and effects on psychiatric behaviors: Measures of depression22. Psychotherapeutic interventions in diabetes care: a narrative review and conceptual framework of CBT and beyond23. Modulation of oxidative stress in the management of pancreatitis24. Diabetic complications with emphasis on neuropathy: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic role of aldose reductase inhibitors25. Diabetes care and molecular pathways in treatment using phytomedicines26. Hypothalamic neurons and treatment with metformin and propionateSection 5. Non-pancreatic treatment regimens and effects on neuroscientific domains27. Statins and insulin resistance28. Linking mitochondrial integrity and insulin resistance in response to pharmacological agents29. Insulin secretion and effects of beta-adrenergic blockers30. Focused review: Clozapine safety and effects on pancreatitisSection 6. Diseases of the pancreas or pancreas hormones status and impact on brain and behavior31. Pancreatic cancer―An overview32. Acute pancreatitis and its impact on mental healthSection 7. Diet and nutrition and impact on the pancreas and neuroscientific domains or behavior33. Diet, diabetes and gene expression in the brain34. Diet, behavior and diabetes―an overview35. Brain insulin signaling and nutritional modulation: the role of microRNAs and the gut—brain axis36. Vitamins, analog and effects on insulin signaling in the brain37. Recommended resources for the study of hormones in neuroscience: The Pancreas and Pancreatic Hormones