Low Emission Power Generation Technologies and Energy Management

Jean-Claude Sabonnadière: INPG, Grenoble, France.

• Preface xiiiChapter 1. Energy Storage: Applications to the Electricity Vector 1Yves BRUNET1.1. Energy density 11.2. Storage problem 41.3. Types of storage 141.4. Bibliography 48Chapter 2. Nuclear Fission, Today and Tomorrow: from “Renaissance” to Technological Breakthroughs 51Georges VAN GOETHEM2.1. Introduction: all energy options kept open in 2006 Green Book 522.2. Nuclear energy: 50 years of industrial experience 542.3. Main actors: common needs, international vision and strategic instruments 612.4. On the eve of a technological breakthrough: six challenges for research and development 642.5. Generation II: supply security and environmental protection 692.6. Generation III: continuous improvements in safety and competitiveness 712.7. Generation IV (2030 forecast): technological breakthroughs in competitiveness and sustainability 762.8. Education and training: main objectives (modules, mutual recognition, and mobility) 942.9. Conclusion: nuclear energy – a part of the solution in a sustainable energy mix 952.10. Bibliography 9720.11. List of acronyms 98Chapter 3. Co-generation 101William D’HAESELEER and Patrick LUICKX3.1. Co-generation 1013.2. Overview of existing technologies 1063.3. Co-generation installation dimensioning 1123.4. Assessment of the energy advantage of co-generation 1153.5. Energy advantage allocation 1243.6. The electrical aspects of co-generation installations 1283.7. Cooling by absorption and tri-generation 1323.8. Estimation of the potential of co-generation 1333.9. Influence of co-generation on the environment 1353.10. Conclusions and perspectives 1363.11. Bibliography 137Chapter 4. Hydrogen: An Energy Vector 139Thierry ALLEAU4.1. Context 1394.2. Hydrogen: an energy vector for the future? 1414.3. How do we produce hydrogen? 1434.4. Hydrogen transportation 1514.5. Distribution 1534.6. Hydrogen storage 1554.7. Applications of hydrogen as energy vector 1604.8. Risks, standards, regulations and acceptability 1664.9. A hydrogen economy 1694.10. The hydrogen players 1724.11. Conclusions and perspectives 1754.12. Bibliography 176Chapter 5. Fuel Cells 179Pierre BAURENS, Pierre SERRE-COMBE, Jean-Philipe POIROT-CROUVEZIER5.1. Introduction 1795.2. Operation principles in different cell types 1805.3. The system aspect 2185.4. Energy conversion efficiency 2345.5. Main applications 2405.6. Bibliography 260Chapter 6. Toward Energy Positive Buildings 263Daniel QUENARD6.1. Introduction 2636.2. Energy and buildings: some key figures in Europe 2646.3. How to move from buildings “addicted to fossil energy” toward“low energy buildings” (LEB) and, further, toward buildings as power plants (BaPP) 2706.4. The Minergie trademark 3006.5. The PassivHaus label (passive house) 3066.6. The zero-energy houses: zero-energy house – zero-energy home (ZEH) – zero-energy buildings (ZEB) 3136.7. The energy-positive house 3196.8. Comparison of the three types of houses: Minergie, PassivHaus and ZEH 3206.9. Beyond the positive-energy building 3266.10. Bibliography 329Chapter 7. Light Sources and Lighting: from Technology to Energy Savings 333Georges ZISSIS7.1. Lighting in the past and today 3337.2. Light sources and energy conversion 3407.3. Energy savings in the lighting field: some typical case studies 3657.4. What is the future for light sources? 3717.5. Bibliography 373Chapter 8. Distributed Generation: Impact and Solutions 375Raphaël CAIRE and Bertrand RAISON8.1. Introduction: a threat or an opportunity? 3758.2. Deregulation 3768.3. New generation equipment 3778.4. Impact of distributed generation on electric networks 3918.5. Solution elements 3968.6. Conclusion: a challenge and a development opportunity for the electricity sector 400 8.7. Bibliography 401 Chapter 9. Control of the Energy Demand: Network Load Shedding 405Guillaume VERNEAU9.1. Nomenclature 4059.2. Introduction 4069.3. Stakes of the load control 4079.4. Choice of loads to control 4129.5. Needs in communications, measurements and monitoring to control the loads 4199.6. Model and algorithm needs for load control 4289.7. Conclusion 4399.8. Bibliography 439List of authors 442Index 445