Electrical Distribution Networks

Nouredine Hadjsaïd is Professor at Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble (France) and Virginia Polytechnic Institute (USA) as well as being Director of the IDEA Consortium.Jean-Claude Sabonnadière is Emeritus Professor at Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble (France), Advisor to the President of the Industrial Cluster TENERRDIS (Alternative Energies) and a Consultant on energy systems and innovation.

• Preface xvJean-Claude SABONNADIÈREChapter 1. The Electrical Distribution Network: From Heritage to Innovation 1Nouredine HADJSAÏD, Jean-Claude SABONNADIÈRE and Jean-Pierre ANGELIER1.1. Introduction 11.2. The new power system paradigm 61.3. Structure and characteristics of current distribution systems 71.4. Consumption 111.5. Transmission and distribution systems operators 131.6. Future challenges for the distribution system 171.7. The link between investment and quality 321.8. Financing mechanisms and investment actors of distribution systems 361.9. Conclusion 381.10. Glossary 381.11. Bibliography 39Chapter 2. Characteristics of Distribution Networks 41Marie-Cécile ALVAREZ-HÉRAULT, Raphaël CAIRE, Sylvain MARTINO, Christophe ANDRIEU and Bertrand RAISON2.1. Part 1: the French network 412.2. The North American network 612.3. Bibliography 81Chapter 3. Overview of Decentralized Means of Production 83Haizea GAZTAÑAGA, Raphaël CAIRE, Seddik BACHA and Daniel ROYE3.1. Introduction 833.2. Deregulation 843.3. Emergent means of production 853.4. Conclusion: a challenge and a development opportunity for mains power 1193.5. Bibliography 119Chapter 4. Connection to the Decentralized Production Network: Regulatory and Economic Aspects 123Cédric CLASTRES, Philippe MENANTEAU and Lina-Maria RUIZ4.1. Introduction 1234.2. European policies and growth dynamics of REn 1244.3. Incentive policies for the deployment of renewable energies 1294.4. Integration and connection of new renewable energy producers to the network 1414.5. The insertion of renewable energies into the electrical market 1474.6. Bibliography 157Chapter 5. Impacts of Distributed Generation on the Electrical Network 161Raphaël CAIRE and Tuan TRAN-QUOC5.1. Introduction 1615.2. Impact of distributed generation on electrical parameters 1645.3. Impacts on the design, planning and exploitation 1915.4. Impacts on network equipment 1975.5. Bibliography 200Chapter 6. Photovoltaic Systems Connected to the Network 203Tuan TRAN-QUOC and Seddik BACHA6.1. Introduction to grid-connected PV production 2036.2. Structure of photovoltaic inverters 2076.3. Control/command of the grid side converter 2176.4. Anti-islanding protection of PV systems 2216.5. Impact on the voltage and harmonics of grid connected PV systems 2256.6. Impact on the voltage 2306.7. Impact on voltage unbalance 2336.8. Conclusion 2346.9. Bibliography 235Chapter 7. Voltage Control in Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation 237Yvon BÉSANGER and Tuan TRAN-QUOC7.1. Introduction: problems of voltage control 2377.2. Voltage control in today’s distribution systems 2417.3. Voltage control in distribution systems with DG 2427.4. Conclusion 2707.5. Bibliography 271Chapter 8. Grid Integration of Wind Turbine Systems and their Ancillary Services Participation 273Alexandre TENINGE, Daniel ROYE and Seddik BACHA8.1. Wind energy: context 2738.2. Integration of wind energy in electrical systems 2768.3. Grid code requirements and wind farms 2828.4. Wind turbines: principles and modeling aspect 2908.5. Study of mixed wind farm integration in an islanded grid 3018.6. Bibliography 3118.7. Manufacturers websites 3138.8. List of symbols 314Chapter 9. Reliability of Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation 315Yvon BÉSANGER9.1. New considerations and challenges for the reliability of distribution systems 3159.2. Basic concepts of electrical network reliability 3199.3. Objectives and use of probabilistic reliability studies 3309.4. Basic concepts of Monte Carlo simulation 3339.5. Some results of Monte Carlo method application 3439.6. Conclusion 3489.7. Bibliography 349Chapter 10. Protection, Detection and Isolation of Faults in MV Networks in the Presence of Decentralized Production 351Bertrand RAISON, Olivier CHILARD, Delcho PENKOV and Duc CONG PHAM10.1. Introduction 35110.2. Characteristics of faults in HVA distribution systems 35310.3. Functioning of protection in MV networks in the presence of decentralized production 36110.4. Detection of faults 37310.5. Localization of faults in the presence of decentralized production 38010.6. Bibliography 392Chapter 11. Load Control in the Management of Distribution Systems 395Didier BOËDA, Christophe KIENY and Daniel ROYE11.1. Objectives of load control for the distributor 39511.2. Controlled loads 39711.3. Results for real-time control 40311.4. Real-time load control with knowledge of houses’ characteristics 40611.5. Optimized load control 40711.6. Conclusion 41311.7. Bibliography 414Chapter 12. Power Electronics in the Future Distribution Grid 415Seddik BACHA, David FREY, Erwan LEPELLETER and Raphaël CAIRE12.1. Introduction 41512.2. New context of distribution systems 41612.3. PE systems in the context of existing networks 42012.4. Current state of development 42512.5. Conclusion 43412.6. Bibliography 436Chapter 13. Virtual Power Systems for Active Networks 439Guillaume FOGGIA, Christophe KIENY and Joseph MAIRE13.1. General context: towards an active network 43913.2. Objectives 44013.3. Concept of a virtual power plant (project FENIX) 44213.4. Other developments: the Alp energy project 45213.5. Prospects for virtual power plants on active network 45413.6. Bibliography 457Chapter 14. Towards Smart Grids 459Nouredine HADJSAÏD and Jean-Claude SABONNADIÈRE14.1. Introduction 45914.2. Definitions of the smart grid 47114.3. Objectives addressed by the smart grid concept 47214.4. Stakeholders involved in the implementation of the smart grid concept 47414.5. Research and scientific aspects of the smart grid 47614.6. Conclusion 48314.7. Bibliography 484List of Authors 487Index 489

"This book offers a comprehensive and thorough exploration of both theoretical and practical tools needed for a new "intelligent energy network," typically referred to as a smart grid. . . The book should particularly interest researchers and engineers involved in the development of the new, more flexible and reliable distribution system of the future." (Book News, 1 October 2011)