Renewable Energy Technologies

Jean-Claude Sabonnadière: INPG, Grenoble, France.

• Preface xviiChapter 1. Photovoltaic Electricity Production 1Jean-Claude MULLER1.1. Introduction 21.2. Photovoltaic conversion 31.3. Cells with a crystalline silicon base 51.4. Cells in thin films 101.5. Photovoltaic market 171.6. Prospects for photovoltaic electricity development 221.7. Bibliography 23Chapter 2. Photovoltaic Systems Connected to the Grid 25Seddik BACHA and Daniel CHATROUX2.1. Problems of photovoltaic power generation connected to the grid 252.2. General remarks on connection 282.3. Physical architectures 302.4. Constraints related to supplying energy to the utility grid 342.5. Algorithmic architectures 382.6. Conclusion 422.7. Bibliography 43Chapter 3. Solar Heating 45Christophe MARVILLET3.1. Introduction 453.2. Available energy from the sun 493.3. Flat solar panels 533.4. Solar heating systems 583.5. Bibliography 62Chapter 4. Solar Thermodynamic Power Stations 63Alain FERRIÈREIntroduction 634.1. Concentrating solar power technologies 654.2. The state of the art 844.3. Prospects 944.4. Bibliography 102Chapter 5. Wind Systems Technology 103Régine BELHOMME, Daniel ROYE and Nicolas LAVERDURE5.1. Introduction: wind power today 1035.2. Description of a wind generator 1045.3. Operation of a wind turbine 1065.4. Bibliography 136Chapter 6. Integration of Wind Turbine Generators into the Grid 143Régine BELHOMME, Daniel ROYE and Nicolas LAVERDURE6.1. Connection to the grid 1436.2. Comparison of technologies and conclusion 1696.3. Bibliography 1716.4. Appendix: symbol table 177Chapter 7. Marine Energy Resources Conversion Systems 181Bernard MULTON, Alain CLÉMENT, Marie RUELLAN, Julien SEIGNEURBIEUX and Hamid BEN AHMED7.1. Introduction 1817.2. Electricity productivity from marine resources 1837.3. Ocean wave generator systems (WEC: wave energy converters) 1887.4. Tidal energy converters (TEC) 2027.5. Other conversion systems 2147.6. Conclusion 2217.7. Bibliography 223Chapter 8. Small Hydropower 227Raymond CHENAL, Aline CHOULOT, Vincent DENIS and Norbert TISSOT8.1. Introduction 2278.2. What is small hydropower? 2298.3. Hydraulic energy 2318.4. The exploitation of hydraulic force 2338.5. Potential 2448.6. Research & Development in small hydropower 2458.7. Environmental aspects of small hydropower 2498.8. Policies favoring small hydropower 2548.9. Conclusions 2578.10. Bibliography 258Chapter 9. Geothermal Energy Production 261Florence JAUDIN and Laurent LE BEL9.1. Introduction 2619.2. Geothermal energy: why, for whom and how? 2629.3. Geothermal heat pump systems 2699.4. Direct production of heat 2869.5. Electricity production.3019.6. Glossary 3209.7. Bibliography 325Chapter 10. Biofuels 329Frédéric MONOT, Jean-Luc DUPLAN, Nathalie ALAZARD-TOUX and Stéphane HIS10.1. The place of biofuels in the energy environment 32910.2. Current systems 34510.3. Future systems: use of lignocellulose 35810.4. Economic and environmental balance of biofuel production systems 38010.5. Bibliography 394Chapter 11. Biogas 397Pierre LABEYRIE11.1. Introduction: biogas, “the renewable natural gas” 39711.2. Naturally occurring biogas 39711.3. Production organized by humans 39811.4. History of anaerobic digestion 39911.5. Anaerobic digestion 40011.6. Anaerobic digestion installations or biogas units 40511.7. Uses of biogas 41911.8. Conclusion: renewable natural gas and its challenges 42411.9. Bibliography 425Chapter 12. Energy Production from Wood 427Frédéric DOUARD12.1. Introduction: what is wood energy? 42712.2. Overview of wood fuels 42912.3. Principles of conversion of wood into energy 44212.4. Generators of thermal energy from wood 45012.5. Conclusion 47012.6. Bibliography 471List of Authors 473Index 475

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