Unit Operations in Environmental Engineering

Louis Theodore, MChE and EngScD, is a retired professor of chemical engineering (50 years). He is the author of several publications, including Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer, Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer, Mass Transfer Operations for the Practicing Engineer, and Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations. Dr. Theodore is also a contributor to Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook.R. Ryan Dupont has more than 35 years of experience teaching and conducting applied and basic research in environmental engineering at the Utah Water Research Laboratory at Utah State University. He received his PhD degrees in Environmental Health Engineering from the University of Kansas, Lawrence and has been a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at USU since 1995, serving as the Head of the Environmental Engineering Division for 10 years. He was a 2015 National Air and Waste Management Association Richard I. Stessel Waste Management Award winner for excellence in Waste Management Education. Kumar Ganesan is currently a professor and department head of the Department of Environmental Engineering at Montana Tech where he has been for the past 35 years. He received his PhD from Washington State University at Pullman, Washington in Engineering Science. His current research includes developing bio-fiber based metallic nanoparticle filters to remove toxic metals from air and water.

• Preface xiIntroduction xviiPart I: Introduction to Principles of Unit Operations 11 History of Chemical Engineering and Unit Operations 32 Transport Phenomena versus the Unit Operations Approach 73 The Conservation Laws and Stoichiometry 114 The Ideal Gas Law 195 Thermodynamics 276 Chemical Kinetics 397 Equilibrium versus Rate Considerations 518 Process and Plant Design 57Part II: Fluid Flow 699 Fluid Behavior 7110 Basic Energy Conservation Laws 8111 Law of Hydrostatics 8912 Flow Measurement 9513 Flow Classification 10714 Prime Movers 12115 Valves and Fittings 13516 Air Pollution Control Equipment 14517 Sedimentation, Centrifugation, and Flotation 15718 Porous Media and Packed Beds 17119 Filtration 18120 Fluidization 19321 Membrane Technology 20522 Compressible and Sonic Flow 21923 Two-Phase Flow 22524 Ventilation 23725 Mixing 24726 Biomedical Engineering 253Part III: Heat Transfer 26527 Steady-State Conduction 26728 Unsteady-State Conduction 27529 Forced Convection 28130 Free Convection 28931 Radiation 29932 The Heat Transfer Equation 31133 Double Pipe Heat Exchangers 32534 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 33735 Finned Heat Exchangers 34736 Other Heat Transfer Equipment 35737 Insulation and Refractory 36938 Refrigeration and Cryogenics 37539 Condensation and Boiling 39140 Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection (OM&I) 40341 Design Principles 411Part IV: Mass Transfer 41942 Equilibrium Principles 42143 Phase Equilibrium Relationships 42944 Rate Principles 44345 Mass Transfer Coefficients 45346 Classification of Mass Transfer Operations 46547 Characteristics of Mass Transfer Operations 47348 Absorption and Stripping 48549 Distillation 49550 Adsorption 50551 Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extraction 51752 Humidification 52953 Drying 54354 Absorber Design and Performance Equations 55555 Distillation Design and Performance Equations 57156 Adsorber Design and Performance Equations 58957 Crystallization 59758 Other and Novel Separation Processes 609Part V: Case Studies 61559 Drag Force Coefficient Correlation 61760 Predicting Pressure Drop with Pipe Failure for Flow through Parallel Pipes 62161 Developing an Improved Model to Describe the Cunningham Correction Factor Effect 62362 Including Entropy Analysis in Heat Exchange Design 62563 Predicting Inside Heat Transfer Coefficients in Double-Pipe Exchangers 62964 Converting View Factor Graphical Data to Equation Form 63165 Correcting a Faulty Absorber Design 63366 A Unique Liquid-Liquid Extraction Unit 63567 Effect of Plate Failure on Distillation Column Performer 639Appendix A: Units 641Appendix B: Miscellaneous Tables 649Appendix C: Steam Tables 653Appendix D: Basic Calculations 663