Chemical Engineering

Louis Theodore, Eng.Sc.D., is a former professor and Graduate Program Director in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Manhattan College. He is a consultant for Theodore Tutorials, which provides training solutions to industry, academia, and government. Dr. Theodore is the recipient of awards from the International Air & Waste Management Association and the American Society for Engineering Education. He is the author or coauthor of 96 books and is a section editor for Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook. Dr. Theodore is a member of IAABO (International Association of Approved Basketball Officials) and was recognized in 2008 at Madison Square Garden for his contributions to basketball and the youth of America.

• IntroductionPart I: Introduction to Engineering1. Basic Calculations and Key Tables1–1 Introduction1–2 Units and Dimensions1–3 Unit Conversion Factors1–4 The Gravitational Constant, gc1–5 Significant Figures and Scientific Notation1–6 Dimensionless Groups1–7 Mathematics Tables1–8 Tables of Atomic Weights1–9 Water (Steam) TablesReferences2. Process Variables2–1 Introduction2–2 Temperature2–3 Pressure2–4 Molecular Weights and Moles2–5 Mass and Volume2–6 Viscosity2–7 Surface Tension2–8 Heat Capacity and Thermal Conductivity2–9 Diffusion Coefficient2–10 pH2–11 Reynolds Number2–12 The Ideal-Gas Law2–13 Vapor Pressure, Partial Pressure, and Partial Volume2–14 Property EstimationReferences3. Numerical Methods and Optimization3–1 Introduction3–2 Differentiation3–3 Numerical Integration3–4 Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations3–5 Nonlinear Algebraic Equations3–6 Ordinary Differential Equations3–7 Partial Differential Equations3–8 OptimizationReferences4. Oral and Written Communication4–1 Introduction4–2 Technical Jargon4–3 Sources of Information4–4 Oral Presentations4–5 Technical Writing4–6 On That First JobReferences5. Second Language(s)5–1 Introduction5–2 Early History5–3 Questions Regarding the Learning Process5–4 Second-Language Factors5–5 The Choice of Language5–6 BarriersReferences6. Chemical Engineering Processes6–1 Introduction6–2 The Chemical Industry Today6–3 Inorganic Chemicals6–4 Organic Chemicals6–5 Petrochemicals6–6 Shreve’s Unit ProcessesReferencesPart II: Unit Operations7. The Conservation Laws and Stoichiometry7–1 Introduction7–2 The Conservation Laws7–3 Conservation of Mass7–4 The Conservation Law for Energy7–5 The Conservation Law for Momentum7–6 StoichiometryReferences8. Thermodynamics8–1 Introduction8–2 Enthalpy Effects8–3 Second-Law Calculations8–4 Phase Equilibrium8–5 Chemical Reaction EquilibriumReferences9. Fluid Flow9–1 Introduction9–2 Basic Laws9–3 Key Fluid Flow Equations9–4 Prime Movers9–5 Fluid-Particle Applications9–6 Flow-through Porous Media9–7 FluidizationReferences10. Heat Transfer10–1 Introduction10–2 Conduction10–3 Convection10–4 Radiation10–5 Condensation, Boiling, Refrigeration, and Cryogenics10–6 Heat Exchangers10–7 The Heat Exchanger DilemmaReferences11. Mass Transfer11–1 Introduction11–2 Equilibrium and Rate Principles11–3 Absorption11–4 Adsorption11–5 Distillation11–6 Liquid-Liquid Extraction and LeachingReferences12. Membrane Separation Processes12–1 Introduction12–2 Membrane Separation Principles12–3 Reverse Osmosis12–4 Ultrafiltration12–5 Microfiltration12–6 Gas Permeation12–7 Pervaporation12–8 ElectrodialysisReferences13. Chemical Reactors13–1 Introduction13–2 Chemical Kinetics13–3 Arrhenius Equation13–4 Batch Reactors13–5 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)13–6 Tubular Flow Reactors13–7 Catalytic Reactors13–8 Thermal Effects13–9 Interpretation of Kinetic DataReferences14. Process Control14–1 Introduction14–2 Process Control Fundamentals14–3 Calibration of Flow and Temperature Transducers14–4 Sizing Concerns14–5 Feedback Control14–6 Feedforward Control14–7 Cascade ControlReferences15. Process and Plant Design15–1 Introduction15–2 Preliminary Studies15–3 Process Schematics15–4 Material Balances15–5 Equipment Design15–6 Instrumentation and Controls15–7 Design Approach15–8 The Design ReportReferecesPart III: Peripheral Topics16. Biomedical Engineering16–1 Introduction16–2 Basic Operations16–3 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)16–4 Design Considerations16–5 Design ProceduresReferences17. Medical Applications17–1 Introduction17–2 Early History17–3 Definitions17–4 Key Anatomic Parts17–5 Current Medical Problem Areas17–6 Health Risk Factors17–7 Chemical Engineering Medical Applications17–8 Chemical Engineering OpportunitiesReferences18. Legal Considerations18–1 Introduction18–2 Laws and Regulations: The Differences18–3 Intellectual Property Law18–4 Contract Law18–5 Tort Law18–6 Patents18–7 Copyright Infringement and Interference18–8 Copyrights18–9 Trademarks18–10 The Engineering Professional Licensing ProcessReferences19. Purchasing Equipment19–1 Introduction19–2 Factors in Equipment Selection19–3 Preliminary Studies19–4 Equipment Design19–5 Equipment Specifications19–6 Materials Selection19–7 Instrumentation and Controls19–8 Equipment Selection19–9 Equipment Fabrication19–10 Installation Procedures19–11 Purchasing Equipment GuidelinesReferences20. Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection20–1 Introduction20–2 Installation Procedures20–3 Operation20–4 Maintenance and Inspection20–5 Testing20–6 Improving Operation and Performance20–7 Other EquipmentReferences21. Energy Management21–1 Introduction21–2 Early History21–3 Energy Resources21–4 Energy Quantity and Availability21–5 General Conservation Practices in Industry21–6 General Domestic and Commercial Property Conservation Applications21–7 Architecture and the Role of Urban Planning21–8 U.S. Energy Policy and Energy Independence21–9 Future OutlookReferences22. Water Management22–1 Introduction22–2 Physicochemical Properties of Water22–3 The Hydrologic Cycle22–4 Water Usage22–5 Regulatory Status22–6 Acid Rain22–7 Treatment Processes22–8 Future ConcernsReferences23. Nanotechnology23–1 Introduction23–2 Early History23–3 Fundamentals and Basic Principles23–4 Nanomaterials23–5 Production Methods23–6 Current Applications23–7 Environmental Concerns23–8 Current Environmental Regulations23–9 Future ProspectsReferences24. Project Management24–1 Introduction24–2 Initiation24–3 Planning and Scheduling24–4 Execution and Implementation24–5 Monitoring and Controlling24–6 Closing (Project Termination)24–7 Small-Scale Project Management24–8 ReportsReferencesPart IV: Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Topics25. Environmental Management25–1 Introduction25–2 Environmental Regulations25–3 Air, Water, and Solid Waste Management25–4 Classification, Sources, and Effects of Pollutants25–5 Multimedia Concerns25–6 ISO 1400025–7 Energy Conservation25–8 The Pollution Prevention Concept25–9 Green Chemistry and Green Engineering25–10 SustainabilityReferences26. Health, Safety, and Accident Management26–1 Introduction26–2 Safety and Accidents26–3 Emergency Planning and Response26–4 Regulations26–5 Introduction to Environmental Risk Assessment26–6 Health Risk Assessment26–7 Hazard Risk AssessmentReferences27. Probability and Statistics27–1 Introduction27–2 Probability Definitions and Interpretations27–3 Introduction to Probability Distributions27–4 Discrete Probability Distributions27–5 Continuous Probability Distributions27–6 Contemporary Statistics27–7 Regression Analysis27–8 Analysis of VarianceReferences28. Economics and Finance28–1 Introduction28–2 Capital Costs28–3 Operating Costs28–4 Project Evaluation28–5 Perturbation Studies in Optimization28–6 Cost-Benefit Analysis28–7 Principles of AccountingReferences29. Ethics29–1 Introduction29–2 The Present State29–3 Moral Issues29–4 Engineering Ethics29–5 Environmental Justice29–6 The Pros and Cons of Environmental JusticeReferences30. Open-Ended Problems30–1 Introduction30–2 The Author’s Approach30–3 Earlier Experience30–4 Developing Students’ Power of Critical Thinking30–5 Creativity and Brainstorming30–6 Inquiring Minds30–7 ApplicationsReferencesIndex