Hydrothermal Circulation and Seawater Chemistry

Laurence A. Coogan, University of Victoria, Canada Alexandra V. Turchyn, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Ann G. Dunlea, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States of America Wolfgang Bach, University of Bremen, Germany

• List of contributors viiPreface xi1 A Brief Introduction to Potential Links and Feedbacks Between Hydrothermal Processes and Seawater Chemistry 1Laurence A. Coogan, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Ann G. Dunlea, and Wolfgang Bach2 Geochemical Controls on the Composition of Hydrothermal Vent Fluids at Mid-Ocean Ridges 19William E. Seyfried Jr., Guy N. Evans, and Yanlu Xing3 Experimental Geochemistry Techniques Applied to the Interpretation of High-Temperature Inorganic Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems 45Drew D. Syverson and Guy N. Evans4 The Influence of Seawater Mixing on the Element Budgets in Basalt-Hosted Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems 71Alexander Diehl and Wolfgang Bach5 A Review of Macrobiology–Microbiology Interactions at Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems and Their Role in Mediating Element Fluxes into the Ocean 91Laurel R. Yohe and Drew D. Syverson6 Instruments and Observations Needed for Better Understanding of Hydrothermal Fluxes Across the Seafloor 111Lianfu Li, Shichuan Xi, and Xin Zhang7 The Marine Sediment Archive of Hydrothermal Activity 137Ann G. Dunlea, Jennifer L. Middleton, and Frank J. Pavia8 The Effect of Seawater Sr Concentration on the Hydrothermal Alteration of Oceanic Crust: Sr Isotopes in Dikes of the Early Paleozoic Bay of Islands Ophiolite 169Daniel A. Stolper, Daniel E. Ibarra, Amanda L. Bednarick, Claire E. Bucholz, Laurence A. Coogan, Kathryn M. Gillis, Max Lloyd, John N. Christensen, and Donald J. DePaolo Copyrighted Material9 Low-Temperature Ridge Flank Heat and Fluid Fluxes, Contributions to Global Biogeochemical Cycles, and Archives of Changing Global Conditions 187Rosalind M. Coggon, Aled D. Evans, Lewis J. C. Grant, and Damon A. H. Teagle10 The Effect of Off-Axis Hydrothermal Systems on the Oceanic Mg Budget as Revealed by Mg Isotopes: A Review 225Netta Shalev and Danielle Santiago Ramos11 Seafloor Weathering: Lessons from Studies of the Critical Zone 253Louis A. Derry12 A Historical Perspective on Long-Term Global Biogeochemical Box Models 263Preston Cosslett Kemeny, Alex Krause, and Lee Kump13 Extreme Supercontinental Climate Control: Punctuated Mantle Thermal Mixing and a Sustained Snowball Earth? 297A. Mark Jellinek and Adrian Lenardic14 Geochemical and Geophysical Controls on Hydrothermal Fluxes on Habitable Worlds 323Benjamin M. Tutolo and Nicholas J. Tosca15 The Role of Hydrothermal Processes in the Evolution of Early Earth and Aquaplanets 345Takazo Shibuya, Shuya Tan, Sakiko Kikuchi, Hisahiro Ueda, Ken Takai, and Yasuhito SekineIndex 381