Sea Salt Aerosol Production

Ernie R. Lewis and Stephen E. Schwartz are the authors of Sea Salt Aerosol Production: Mechanisms, Methods, Measurements, and Models, published by Wiley.

• Preface  ix1. Introduction 11.1. Sea Salt Aerosol (SSA) and its Importance  11.2. Methods of Determining Size-Dependent SSA Production Fluxes  51.3. Scope of This Work  52. Fundamentals  92.1. Description of SSA Particle Sizes, Concentrations, and Fluxes 92.2. Major SSA Production Mechanisms 352.3. Factors Affecting SSA Production, Entrainment, Transport, and Removal  372.4. Structure of the Atmosphere Over the Ocean  442.5. Chemical and Physical Properties of Seawater and SSA Particles 472.6. Kinematics and Dynamics of SSA Particles 632.7. Mechanisms for Removal of SSA Particles From the Atmosphere 712.8. Transport of SSA in the Marine Boundary Layer  772.9. Vertical Distribution of SSA Particles 823. Methods of Determining Size-Dependent Sea Salt Aerosol Production Fluxes 1013.1 Steady State Dry Deposition Method  1013.2. Whitecap Method 1053.3. Concentration Buildup Method  1073.4. Bubble Method  1093.5. Micrometeorological Methods 1103.6. Along-Wind Flux Method  1133.7. Direct Observation Method  11 63.8. Vertical Impaction Method  11 63.9. Statistical Wet Deposition Method  1173.10. Summary of Methods for Flux Determination 117 4. Measurements and Models of Quantities Required to Evaluate Sea Salt Aerosol Production Fluxes  1194.1. Sea Salt Aerosol Concentrations  1204.2 Near Surface Field Measurements Pertinent to SSA Production 1834.3. Laboratory Studies Pertinent to SSA Production  1874.4. Bubbles in the Oceans  2354.5. Oceanic Whitecaps  2564.6. Dry Deposition  2 734.7. Minor SSA Production Mechanisms  2895. Sea Salt Aerosol Production Fluxes: Estimates and Critical Analysis 2995.1. General Considerations 2995.2. Steady State Dry Deposition Method  3035.3. Whitecap Method 3145.4. Concentration Buildup Method  3205.5. Bubble Method  3225.6. Micrometeorological Methods 3295.7. Along-Wind Flux Method  3325.8. Direct Observation Method 3375.9. Vertical Impaction Method  3385.10. Statistical Wet Deposition Method 3385.11. Comparison of Flux Estimates 3396. Applications and Implications 3456.1. The Climate Connection  3456.2. Representation of SSA Production Flux in Chemical Transport Models  3466.3. Status and Prospect 349Principal Symbols  353List of Figures  357List of Tables  358References  359Index  409