Feng Zhang is an Associate Research Scholar in East Asian Studies at Yale University’s MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies. A political scientist and interdisciplinary scholar, he specializes in China’s foreign policy, Asian international relations, and international relations theory. He is the author of Chinese Hegemony: Grand Strategy and International Institutions in East Asian History (Stanford, 2015). He coauthored two books with Richard Ned Lebow: Taming Sino-American Rivalry (Oxford, 2020) and Justice and International Order: East and West (Oxford, 2022). His peer-reviewed articles have appeared in a range of disciplinary and area studies journals, and his commentary has been featured in outlets including Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy. He previously held teaching positions at Tsinghua University, Murdoch University, the Australian National University, and the South China University of Technology. In 2024, he was a visiting scholar at Yale Law School’s Paul Tsai China Center.

• Chapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 Factors and Calculations.- Chapter 3 Estrangement, 1955-1990.- Chapter 4 A New Threat, 1991-2000.- Chapter 5 Evolving Activism, 2001-2020.- Chapter 6 A New Engagement after 2021.- Chapter 7 Conclusion.

Feng Zhang is an Associate Research Scholar in East Asian Studies at Yale University’s MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies. A political scientist and interdisciplinary scholar, he specializes in China’s foreign policy, Asian international relations, and international relations theory. He is the author of Chinese Hegemony: Grand Strategy and International Institutions in East Asian History (Stanford, 2015). He coauthored two books with Richard Ned Lebow: Taming Sino-American Rivalry (Oxford, 2020) and Justice and International Order: East and West (Oxford, 2022). His peer-reviewed articles have appeared in a range of disciplinary and area studies journals, and his commentary has been featured in outlets including Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy. He previously held teaching positions at Tsinghua University, Murdoch University, the Australian National University, and the South China University of Technology. In 2024, he was a visiting scholar at Yale Law School’s Paul Tsai China Center.

• Chapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 Factors and Calculations.- Chapter 3 Estrangement, 1955-1990.- Chapter 4 A New Threat, 1991-2000.- Chapter 5 Evolving Activism, 2001-2020.- Chapter 6 A New Engagement after 2021.- Chapter 7 Conclusion.

Feng Zhang is an Associate Research Scholar in East Asian Studies at Yale University’s MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies. A political scientist and interdisciplinary scholar, he specializes in China’s foreign policy, Asian international relations, and international relations theory. He is the author of Chinese Hegemony: Grand Strategy and International Institutions in East Asian History (Stanford, 2015). He coauthored two books with Richard Ned Lebow: Taming Sino-American Rivalry (Oxford, 2020) and Justice and International Order: East and West (Oxford, 2022). His peer-reviewed articles have appeared in a range of disciplinary and area studies journals, and his commentary has been featured in outlets including Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy. He previously held teaching positions at Tsinghua University, Murdoch University, the Australian National University, and the South China University of Technology. In 2024, he was a visiting scholar at Yale Law School’s Paul Tsai China Center.

• Chapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 Factors and Calculations.- Chapter 3 Estrangement, 1955-1990.- Chapter 4 A New Threat, 1991-2000.- Chapter 5 Evolving Activism, 2001-2020.- Chapter 6 A New Engagement after 2021.- Chapter 7 Conclusion.