Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research

PETER K SMITH is Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths College, University of London, U.K.  He has a first degree from University of Oxford, and a PhD from University of Sheffield.  His main area of research is on school bullying. He is currently particularly interested in country differences and cross-cultural comparisons. He has also carried out research on children’s play; and on the role of grandparents in children’s development.  He has been involved in bullying research for 30 years. In the UK he helped produce the national anti-bullying pack Don’t Suffer in Silence (1994, 2nd edition 2000).  He chaired COST Action IS0801 on Cyberbullying (2008-2012). He chaired an Indian-European Research Networking Programme on Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Pupil Safety and Well-Being (2012-2015).  He is currently on the Management Committee of COST Action CA18115, Transnational Collaboration on Bullying, Migration and Integration at School Level.  In 2015 he was awarded the William Thierry Preyer award for Excellence in Research on Human Development, by the European Society for Developmental Psychology, and in 2018 the Student Wellbeing and Prevention of Violence (SWAPv) Award, from Flinders University, Australia. In December 2018 he received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Vienna.Mark F. Peterson (PhD, University of Michigan) holds the Hofstede Chair in Cultural Diversity at Maastricht University. He has published over 120 articles and chapters, and several books. The articles have appeared in major management and international management journals such as Administrative Science Quarterly, the Academy of Management Journal, the Journal of International Business Studies, the Journal of Organizational Behavior, Leadership Quarterly, Human Relations, Management International Review, Organization Studies, and Organization Science. He has also contributed international management themes to the basic social science literature through chapters in the Annual Review of Psychology, the Communication Yearbook, the Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, and Research in the Sociology of Organizations. He is an Associate Editor for the Journal of Organizational Behavior and an Area Editor for the Journal of International Business Studies.His previous positions have been at Wayne State University, the University of Miami, Texas Tech University, and Florida Atlantic University. He has had visiting positions supported by Fulbright Fellowships to Osaka University and McMaster University, and he held the John R. Galvin Chair at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He has also had visiting positions at the University of Pennsylvania and Aarhus University. Along with Mikael Soendergaard, Geert Hofstede, Michael Minkov, Gert Jan Hofstede, and others, he teaches an annual summer Ph.D. master class in cross cultural management at various locations in Europe. When at his home in Homestead, Florida, he spends his weekends tending to a collection of orchids and making orchid hybrids.David C Thomas (PhD University of South Carolina) is a Professor in the Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria and Professor Emeritus of International Management at Simon Fraser University, Canada. He is the author of a dozen books including (with Kerr Inkson) the bestselling Cultural Intelligence, Berrett-Koehler Publishers. His book Cross-Cultural Management: Essential Concepts (2008, Sage Publications) was the winner of the R. Wayne Pace Human Resource Development book of the year award for 2008. In addition, he has edited (with Peter B. Smith and Mark Peterson) The Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research from Sage Publications. His research on cross-cultural interactions in organizational settings has appeared in the leading journals in the field. He is currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of International Business Studies, the Journal of Organizational Behavior, and European Journal of Cross-Cultural Competence and Management.Dr. Thomas’ academic postings have included positions at the Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM), University of New South Wales, the Pennsylvania State University and The University of Auckland, New Zealand, where he was also Director of the Master of International Business Program. He has held visiting positions at Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, the University of Hawaii, Massey University, New Zealand, and ESCEM, Tours, France. In addition to teaching at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, Dr Thomas has consulted on cultural diversity issues with numerous organizations. When not teaching or writing he can often be found scraping or varnishing or sometimes sailing his 1984 Hans Christian cutter, “Clovelly.”

• Chapter 1: Introduction - Mark F. Peterson, Peter B. Smith, and David C. ThomasThe Essence of Culture: Systems of Values, Beliefs and MeaningsLinks between People and OrganizationsOrganizational Structures and ProcessesManaging a Multiple Nation WorkforceChapter 2: Cognitive Structures and Processes in Cross-Cultural Management - Mark F. Peterson and Robert E. WoodMotives and Motivation ProcessesPersonality ConstructsCognitive Perspectives for Cross-Cultural Management ResearchConclusions From Cognitive TheoryResearch AgendaChapter 3: Social Structures and Processes in Cross-Cultural Management - Mark F. Peterson and Peter B. SmithNations as CulturesHow is Culture Created, Maintained, and Disseminated?Where Should Cultural Boundaries Be Drawn?Individuals Within Social Structures: Roles, Rules, and NormsChapter 4: Methods and Measurementsin Cross-Cultural Management - Kwok LeungMethodological Challenges in Cross-Cultural Management ResearchCross-Cultural EquivalenceDesign of Cross-Cultural StudiesEstablishing Causality in Cross-Cultural Management ResearchMethodological Issues in International Management ResearchEmerging Methodological Issues in Cross-Cultural Management ResearchChapter 5. Motivation and Job Satisfaction across Nations: How Much Do We Really Know? - Xu HuangThe Theoretical Challenge to Universal Motivation TheoriesEmpirical Evidence of Cross-National VariabilityIn Defense of Universalist Motivation TheoriesHow Much Do We Really Know?Chapter 6: Organizational Commitment: Complication or Clarification - S. Arzu WastiDimensions of Organizational CommitmentAntecedents of Organizational CommitmentOutcomes of Organizational CommitmentChapter 7. Psychological Contracts around the Globe: Cultural Agreements and Disagreements - Rene Schalk and Joseph SoetersIntroductionCharacteristics of Psychological ContractsThe World as One Culture and as ManyAspects of Cross-Cultural Differences in Psychological ContractsConclusions and Suggestions for Future ResearchChapter 8. Organizational Justice and Reward Allocation - Ronald FischerDimensions of JusticeDistributive JusticeInterpersonal JusticeJustice PerceptionsAreas for Future DevelopmentChapter 9. International Careers - Kerr Inkson and Svetlana KhapovaIntroductionThe Special Nature of Careers in International ContextsContextual Influences on International CareersMigration and International CareersTwo Types of International CareerCurrent Issues in International CareersChapter 10. Organizational Citizenship in the Global Context - Larry Jiing-Lih Farh, Rick Hackett, and Zhi-Jun ChenNational CultureCriteria for Selecting Studies for ReviewReview of the LiteratureThe Influence of National Culture on the Construct Domain of Organizational Citizenship BehaviourThe Influence of National Culture on Differences in Organizational Citizenship BehaviourModerating Effects of National Culture on Predictor- Organizational Citizenship Behaviour RelationshipsModerating Effects of National Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour -Outcome RelationshipsFuture Research DirectionChapter 11. Work and Family: Research in Cross-National and International Contexts - Mila Lazarova and Michelle LoweExpatriate Work/Family ResearchResearch across Different National ContextsComparative Work/Family ResearchConclusions and Directions for Future ResearchChapter 12. Cross Cultural Skills and Abilities: From Communication Competence to Cultural Intelligence - David C. Thomas and Stacey R. FitzsimmonsEffective Intercultural InteractionsThe Historical Basis for Studying Cross-Cultural Skills and AbilitiesModels of Intercultural EffectivenessA Typology of Cross-Cultural Skills and AbilitiesConclusionChapter 13. Cross-Cultural Approaches to Leadership - Zeynep AycanTheoretical Approaches to Leadership in Cultural ContextA Critical Review of Cross-Cultural Leadership ResearchCulture as a Main Effect Influencing LeadershipCulture as a Moderator of the Relationship between Leadership and OutcomesCulture as a Source of Meaning: The Case of Paternalistic LeadershipChapter 14. Cross-Cultural Influence Strategies and Power Sources - Ping Fing Fu and Jun LiuIntroductionThe Existing Literature: A General ReviewA New ApproachConclusionChapter 15. Teams Within and Across Cultures - Nir Halevy and Lilach SagivMulticultural TeamsThe Cultural Group ApproachThe Dynamic Constructivist ApproachUnresolved Issues and Opportunities for ResearchChapter 16. Culture and Negotiation - Jeanne Brett adn Susan CrottyThe Dimensional Approach to Studying Cultural Effects on NegotiationsThe Cultural Group ApproachThe Dynamic Constructivist ApproachUnresolved Issues and Opportunities for ResearchChapter 17. The Culture of Global Organizations - Miriam Erez and Efrat ShokefThe Nature of Multinational EnterprisesCulture as a Multi-Level Dynamic ConstructA Global Work CultureAn Empirical Examination of the Global Work Culture Value TypologySummary and DiscussionChapter 18. Knowledge Management and Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Enterprises: Cultural and Institutional Perspectives - Jon LervikIntroductionCross-Cultural PerspectivesNeo-InstitutionalismDiscussion and ConclusionChapter 19. Indigenous Aspects of Management - Peter B. SmithSocietal Systems of CapitalismMore Specific System ElementsEmic ApproachesStrengthening the Contribution from Indigenous StudiesChapter 20. Climate, Wealth, and Organization - Evert van de VliertClimate and National Culture in OrganizationsClimate-Wealth Foundation of Organization ConstructionClimato-Economic Niches of Organizational StructuresClimato-Economic Niches of Organizational StrategiesThree Tentative ConclusionsThree Remaining PuzzlesChapter 21. Comparative Human Resource Management Policies and Practices - Chris Brewster and Wolfgang MayrhoferComparing HRM around the GlobeExplaining the Differences in Comparative HRM: Culture and InstitutionsEvidence of Convergence?ConclusionsChapter 22. Expatriate Selection and Evaluation - Rosalie Tung and Arup VarmaIntroductionExpatriate SelectionExpatriate EvaluationDiscussionChapter 23. Global Diversity Management - Mustafa ÖzbilginIntroductionHistorical Development of the Diversity Management ConceptSingle-Nation Diversity Management ResearchGlobal Diversity Management: From Practice to TheoryDiscussionChapter 24. Cross-Cultural Training: Applications and Research - Richard Brislin, Brent Macnab, and Farzana NayaniGoals of Cross-Cultural TrainingThe Need for Cross-Cultural TrainingHistorical Development of Cross-Cultural TrainingDevelopment of Cross-Cultural Training MethodsTypes of CCT ProgramsCCT EffectivenessRecommendations for Future CCT ResearchFinal Thoughts, Practical Recommendations and Future ConsiderationsChapter 25. Managerial Roles in the International Context - Davina VoraTypologies of Managerial RolesRole Theory and Boundary Spanning TheoryA Contingency ApproachAreas for Future ResearchChapter 26. Cultural Dynamics and Impact of Cultural Distance within Mergers and Acquisitions - Günter K. StahlCultural Variations in Mergers and AcquisitionsBeyond the Cultural Distance Paradigm: Research into the Performance Effects of Cultural Differences in Mergers and AcquisitionsLinking Cultural Differences to Integration Outcomes: Theoretical Perspectives on the Role of Culture in Mergers and AcquisitionsThe Impact of Cultural Differences on Post-Merger Performance: An Integrative ModelOpen Questions and Future Research Directions