Youssef M. Choueiri is Reader in Islamic Studies at the University of Manchester. He has lectured on Middle Eastern history in the US and Australia, as well as in the UK. His previous publications include Islamic Fundamentalism (1997), Arab Nationalism (Blackwell Publishing, 2000), and Modern Arab Historiography (2003).

• List of Illustrations viiiList of Maps ixList of Tables xNotes on Contributors xiPreface and Acknowledgments xvIntroduction 1Youssef M. ChoueiriPART I THE FORMATIVE PERIOD OF ISLAM1 The Rise of Islam 9Gerald R. Hawting2 The Islamic Conquests 28Fred M. Donner3 The Caliphate 52Hugh KennedyPART II CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE4 The "Ulama" : Status and Function 71Zouhair Ghazzal5 Shi'ism 87Robert Gleave6 Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West 106Alexander KnyshPART III IMPERIAL STRUCTURES AND DYNASTIC RULE7 Military Patronage States and the Political Economy of the Frontier, 1000–1250 135Michael Chamberlain8 The Mamluk Institution 154P. M. Holt9 North Africa: State and Society, 1056–1659 170Michael BrettPART IV A NEW MIDDLE EASTERN SYSTEM10 Ottomans and Safavids: States, Statecraft, and Societies, 1500–1800 191Metin Kunt11 Urban Life and Middle Eastern Cities: The Traditional Arab City 207André Raymond (translated James McDougall)PART V THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER12 A Different Balance of Power: Europe and the Middle East in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 229Abdul-Karim Rafeq13 Colonialism, the Ottomans, the Qajars, and the Struggle for Independence: The Arab World, Turkey, and Iran 248Peter SluglettPART VI INDEPENDENCE AND NATION BUILDING14 Zionism and the Palestine Question 269Emma C. Murphy15 Nationalisms in the Middle East: The Case of Pan-Arabism 291Youssef M. Choueiri16 Turkish and Iranian Nationalisms 313Ioannis N. Grigoriadis and Ali M. Ansari17 Political Parties and Trade Unions 334Raymond Hinnebusch18 Political Life and the Military 355Gareth Stansfield19 Political Economy: From Modernization to Globalization 372Simon MurdenPART VII MODERN ISSUES AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES20 Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites, and the Middle Eastern City 393Michael E. Bonine21 Oil and Development 407Paul Stevens22 Modernizing Women in the Middle East 425Valentine M. Moghadam23 Politics and Religion 444Beverley Milton-Edwards24 Ethnonational Minorities in the Middle East: Berbers, Kurds, and Palestinians 462Lise Storm25 Civil Society in the Middle East 486Tim Niblock26 The States-system in the Middle East: Origins, Development, and Prospects 504Simon BromleyBibliography 534Index 582

?Conceived with the most recent scholarly efforts in mind this Companion to the History of the Middle East includes a balanced collection of essays on subjects from the early Islamic to the contemporary periods covering the Arab World, Iran, Turkey and Israel.? (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , May 2009) "Youssef M. Choueiri is to be admired for assembling a group of contributors with genuine expertise in their respective fields and producing a lively and interesting collection of essays dealing with Middle East history from the rise of Islam to the present. General readers will be provided with a stimulating introduction to some key issues in Middle East history." History "Few books could cover the range of topics presented here and even fewer shed so much light on the complexities associated with the birth of the modern Middle East. One can almost feel the wisdom of the contributing authors, and must acknowledge the success of Youssef Choueiri's strategy of making this much more than a history book." Journal of Islamic Studies "[A] worthy volume. It is recommended for both specialist collections ... as well as for its natural home, the academic library." Reference Reviews

Youssef M. Choueiri is Reader in Islamic Studies at the University of Manchester. He has lectured on Middle Eastern history in the US and Australia, as well as in the UK. His previous publications include Islamic Fundamentalism (1997), Arab Nationalism (Blackwell Publishing, 2000), and Modern Arab Historiography (2003).

• List of Illustrations viiiList of Maps ixList of Tables xNotes on Contributors xiPreface and Acknowledgments xvIntroduction 1Youssef M. ChoueiriPART I THE FORMATIVE PERIOD OF ISLAM1 The Rise of Islam 9Gerald R. Hawting2 The Islamic Conquests 28Fred M. Donner3 The Caliphate 52Hugh KennedyPART II CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE4 The "Ulama" : Status and Function 71Zouhair Ghazzal5 Shi'ism 87Robert Gleave6 Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West 106Alexander KnyshPART III IMPERIAL STRUCTURES AND DYNASTIC RULE7 Military Patronage States and the Political Economy of the Frontier, 1000–1250 135Michael Chamberlain8 The Mamluk Institution 154P. M. Holt9 North Africa: State and Society, 1056–1659 170Michael BrettPART IV A NEW MIDDLE EASTERN SYSTEM10 Ottomans and Safavids: States, Statecraft, and Societies, 1500–1800 191Metin Kunt11 Urban Life and Middle Eastern Cities: The Traditional Arab City 207André Raymond (translated James McDougall)PART V THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER12 A Different Balance of Power: Europe and the Middle East in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 229Abdul-Karim Rafeq13 Colonialism, the Ottomans, the Qajars, and the Struggle for Independence: The Arab World, Turkey, and Iran 248Peter SluglettPART VI INDEPENDENCE AND NATION BUILDING14 Zionism and the Palestine Question 269Emma C. Murphy15 Nationalisms in the Middle East: The Case of Pan-Arabism 291Youssef M. Choueiri16 Turkish and Iranian Nationalisms 313Ioannis N. Grigoriadis and Ali M. Ansari17 Political Parties and Trade Unions 334Raymond Hinnebusch18 Political Life and the Military 355Gareth Stansfield19 Political Economy: From Modernization to Globalization 372Simon MurdenPART VII MODERN ISSUES AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES20 Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites, and the Middle Eastern City 393Michael E. Bonine21 Oil and Development 407Paul Stevens22 Modernizing Women in the Middle East 425Valentine M. Moghadam23 Politics and Religion 444Beverley Milton-Edwards24 Ethnonational Minorities in the Middle East: Berbers, Kurds, and Palestinians 462Lise Storm25 Civil Society in the Middle East 486Tim Niblock26 The States-system in the Middle East: Origins, Development, and Prospects 504Simon BromleyBibliography 534Index 582

?Conceived with the most recent scholarly efforts in mind this Companion to the History of the Middle East includes a balanced collection of essays on subjects from the early Islamic to the contemporary periods covering the Arab World, Iran, Turkey and Israel.? (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , May 2009) "Youssef M. Choueiri is to be admired for assembling a group of contributors with genuine expertise in their respective fields and producing a lively and interesting collection of essays dealing with Middle East history from the rise of Islam to the present. General readers will be provided with a stimulating introduction to some key issues in Middle East history." History "Few books could cover the range of topics presented here and even fewer shed so much light on the complexities associated with the birth of the modern Middle East. One can almost feel the wisdom of the contributing authors, and must acknowledge the success of Youssef Choueiri's strategy of making this much more than a history book." Journal of Islamic Studies "[A] worthy volume. It is recommended for both specialist collections ... as well as for its natural home, the academic library." Reference Reviews

Youssef M. Choueiri is Reader in Islamic Studies at the University of Manchester. He has lectured on Middle Eastern history in the US and Australia, as well as in the UK. His previous publications include Islamic Fundamentalism (1997), Arab Nationalism (Blackwell Publishing, 2000), and Modern Arab Historiography (2003).

• List of Illustrations viiiList of Maps ixList of Tables xNotes on Contributors xiPreface and Acknowledgments xvIntroduction 1Youssef M. ChoueiriPART I THE FORMATIVE PERIOD OF ISLAM1 The Rise of Islam 9Gerald R. Hawting2 The Islamic Conquests 28Fred M. Donner3 The Caliphate 52Hugh KennedyPART II CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE4 The "Ulama" : Status and Function 71Zouhair Ghazzal5 Shi'ism 87Robert Gleave6 Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West 106Alexander KnyshPART III IMPERIAL STRUCTURES AND DYNASTIC RULE7 Military Patronage States and the Political Economy of the Frontier, 1000–1250 135Michael Chamberlain8 The Mamluk Institution 154P. M. Holt9 North Africa: State and Society, 1056–1659 170Michael BrettPART IV A NEW MIDDLE EASTERN SYSTEM10 Ottomans and Safavids: States, Statecraft, and Societies, 1500–1800 191Metin Kunt11 Urban Life and Middle Eastern Cities: The Traditional Arab City 207André Raymond (translated James McDougall)PART V THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER12 A Different Balance of Power: Europe and the Middle East in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 229Abdul-Karim Rafeq13 Colonialism, the Ottomans, the Qajars, and the Struggle for Independence: The Arab World, Turkey, and Iran 248Peter SluglettPART VI INDEPENDENCE AND NATION BUILDING14 Zionism and the Palestine Question 269Emma C. Murphy15 Nationalisms in the Middle East: The Case of Pan-Arabism 291Youssef M. Choueiri16 Turkish and Iranian Nationalisms 313Ioannis N. Grigoriadis and Ali M. Ansari17 Political Parties and Trade Unions 334Raymond Hinnebusch18 Political Life and the Military 355Gareth Stansfield19 Political Economy: From Modernization to Globalization 372Simon MurdenPART VII MODERN ISSUES AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES20 Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites, and the Middle Eastern City 393Michael E. Bonine21 Oil and Development 407Paul Stevens22 Modernizing Women in the Middle East 425Valentine M. Moghadam23 Politics and Religion 444Beverley Milton-Edwards24 Ethnonational Minorities in the Middle East: Berbers, Kurds, and Palestinians 462Lise Storm25 Civil Society in the Middle East 486Tim Niblock26 The States-system in the Middle East: Origins, Development, and Prospects 504Simon BromleyBibliography 534Index 582

?Conceived with the most recent scholarly efforts in mind this Companion to the History of the Middle East includes a balanced collection of essays on subjects from the early Islamic to the contemporary periods covering the Arab World, Iran, Turkey and Israel.? (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , May 2009) "Youssef M. Choueiri is to be admired for assembling a group of contributors with genuine expertise in their respective fields and producing a lively and interesting collection of essays dealing with Middle East history from the rise of Islam to the present. General readers will be provided with a stimulating introduction to some key issues in Middle East history." History "Few books could cover the range of topics presented here and even fewer shed so much light on the complexities associated with the birth of the modern Middle East. One can almost feel the wisdom of the contributing authors, and must acknowledge the success of Youssef Choueiri's strategy of making this much more than a history book." Journal of Islamic Studies "[A] worthy volume. It is recommended for both specialist collections ... as well as for its natural home, the academic library." Reference Reviews