Ayako Ono is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.

• Introduction 1. An Introduction to James McNeill Whistler’s Work and Art Theory in Japan – from the Perspective of East–West Exchange, with Special Reference to Hayashi Tadamasa, Iwamura Toru, and Kume Keiichiro 2. James McNeill Whistler’s Introduction in Japan – Focusing on the Modern Japanese Literary World 3. Spread of Universal Beauty: James McNeill Whistler, Ernest F. Fenollosa, Kaneko Kentarō, and Charles Lang Freer 4. James McNeill Whistler’s Tonal Painting and mōrōtai 5. Conclusion: Nihonga for the World: Modern ‘nihonga’ and the ‘West (seiyō)’ and ‘Western Europe (seiō)’ as Relative Concepts 6. Postcript: Japanese Art Exhibitions in Britain from the Mid–Nineteenth Century to the Early–Twentieth Century

Ayako Ono is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.

• Introduction 1. An Introduction to James McNeill Whistler’s Work and Art Theory in Japan – from the Perspective of East–West Exchange, with Special Reference to Hayashi Tadamasa, Iwamura Toru, and Kume Keiichiro 2. James McNeill Whistler’s Introduction in Japan – Focusing on the Modern Japanese Literary World 3. Spread of Universal Beauty: James McNeill Whistler, Ernest F. Fenollosa, Kaneko Kentarō, and Charles Lang Freer 4. James McNeill Whistler’s Tonal Painting and mōrōtai 5. Conclusion: Nihonga for the World: Modern ‘nihonga’ and the ‘West (seiyō)’ and ‘Western Europe (seiō)’ as Relative Concepts 6. Postcript: Japanese Art Exhibitions in Britain from the Mid–Nineteenth Century to the Early–Twentieth Century

Ayako Ono is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.

• Introduction 1. An Introduction to James McNeill Whistler’s Work and Art Theory in Japan – from the Perspective of East–West Exchange, with Special Reference to Hayashi Tadamasa, Iwamura Toru, and Kume Keiichiro 2. James McNeill Whistler’s Introduction in Japan – Focusing on the Modern Japanese Literary World 3. Spread of Universal Beauty: James McNeill Whistler, Ernest F. Fenollosa, Kaneko Kentarō, and Charles Lang Freer 4. James McNeill Whistler’s Tonal Painting and mōrōtai 5. Conclusion: Nihonga for the World: Modern ‘nihonga’ and the ‘West (seiyō)’ and ‘Western Europe (seiō)’ as Relative Concepts 6. Postcript: Japanese Art Exhibitions in Britain from the Mid–Nineteenth Century to the Early–Twentieth Century