Visioneers

W. Patrick McCray is professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the author of Keep Watching the Skies!: The Story of Operation Moonwatch and the Dawn of the Space Age (Princeton) and Giant Telescopes: Astronomical Ambition and the Promise of Technology.

• List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Visioneering Technological Futures 1 Chapter 1 Utopia or Oblivion for Spaceship Earth? 20 Chapter 2 The Inspiration of Limits 40 Chapter 3 Building Castles in the Sky 73 Chapter 4 Omnificent 113 Chapter 5 Could Small Be Beautiful? 146 Chapter 6 California Dreaming 183 Chapter 7 Confirmation, Benediction, and Inquisition 222 Chapter 8 Visioneering's Value 258 A Note on Sources 277 Notes 281 Index 325

Winner of the 2014 Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize, History of Science Society Winner of the 2012 Eugene E. Emme Award for Astronautical Literature, American Astronautical Society "In his fascinating new book, McCray profiles the larger-than-life characters and ideas that changed science and technology in the second half of the 20th century and beyond. The author describes the titular visioneers as 'hybrids'--creative combinations of futurist, scientist, and charismatic promoter. At the center of this story are physicist Gerard O'Neill and biotech pioneer K. Eric Drexler... McCray, a professor of history at UC Santa Barbara, discusses how O'Neill's vision of space as a tabula rasa for the human race spurred the formation of grassroots groups like the L5 Society and captured the imaginations of many young scientists and engineers like Drexler, as well as influential figures like Stewart Brand and Timothy Leary. Considered together, they 'took speculative ideas out of the hands of sci-fi writers' and had an enormous impact on generations of people, science, and political policy."--Publishers Weekly (starred review) "McCray focuses on Gerard K. O'Neill, the Princeton physicist and designer of space colonies, and on his protege, K. Eric Drexler, the 'speculative engineer' trained at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge who helped to put nanotechnology on political agendas in the early 1990s. Along the way, McCray introduces a large and colourful cast of others who, over four decades, promoted technological progress as the way to overcome every limit... McCray's book is especially convincing in following the various movements that arose in reaction to the Club of Rome's 1972 book (The Limits of Growth)... McCray's argument that visioneers play an important part in the 'technological ecosystem' is also compelling."--Cyrus Mody, Nature "The overarching narrative of The Visioneers--that of humankind's struggle against limits real and imagined--is compelling, and no less so because of how effectively it reflects the questions of technology surrounding today's big fears like peak oil and global warming... [The Visioneers] is an extremely edifying and well-researched history. Recommended for technology buffs, doomsayers, and anyone with an interest in the intersection of science, technology, and society."--ForeWord "[A] thoughtful, meticulous history."--Simon Ings, New Scientist "I recommend McCray's The Visioneers to all readers interested recent history of science in the making and, more generally, in the place of science in society. The marketing of science is entering a new era and many of the visioneers described by McCray may be seen as the first of a wave of new kind of figures in the history of science, both technoscientists and visionary promoters."--Roger F Malina, Leonardo Journal "McCray's narrative is often fascinating. He connects interest in space colonies with a pervasive fear in the 1970s that unchecked population growth would precipitate an apocalyptic environmental crisis on Planet Earth."--Glenn C. Altschuler, Tulsa World "Remember the late 20th century? When machines on the moon were spitting 10-pound spoonfuls of soil into orbit every few seconds, as raw material for space colonies and zero-gravity factories? When solar panels in orbit were beaming down the planet's power supply? When we were manufacturing everything we wanted, molecule by molecule, via machines smaller than the smallest objects we previously knew? In The Visioneers, the UC-Santa Barbara historian W. Patrick McCray revisits the birth and growth of those futures--or rather, those concepts of the future, which haven't (yet) come true... [W]ell-detailed."--Brian Doherty, Reason "[M]cCray focuses on the public relations efforts of [Gerard O'Neil and Eric Drexler] and how their agenda helped shape the national agenda for science and technology research and reveals how these visionaries worked tirelessly to make their dreams a reality. Recommended for readers with an interest in the history of science, especially in the space exploration or nanotechnology fields."--Library Journal "McCray skilfully weaves a narrative between O'Neill and Drexler in what is a superb and important book."--Keith Cooper, Astronomy Now "[H]istorians of contemporary science, technology and popular culture--in addition to a wide non-academic audience--will find much to savour in this rich and well-written book."--Peder Roberts, British Journal for the History of Science "In this engaging, highly detailed and meticulously researched account of late twentieth century technological dreaming and development, McCray ... does an impressive job of assembling a wealth of information and analysis of a particular period of futures-making in America's recent past... For those interested in the extensive early efforts to identify, consolidate and promote the nanotechnology field (or for that matter, space settlement), this book will provide a treasure trove of information and insight."--Georgia Miller, Nanoethics "The book is a worthy contribution to a growing historiography of the sprawling intellectual and cultural spaces that have existed around the edges of mainstream science and technology."--William Thomas, Technology & Culture "Brilliantly researched."--Brian Jirout, Oral History Review