Victorian Material Culture

Deborah Wynne is Professor of Nineteenth-Century Literature at the University of Chester, UK

• Part 1. The Context of Manufacturing in Victorian Britain1. ‘Peel’s Velveteens’, Punch, vol. 4 (1843), p. 362. George Dodd, Days at the Factories, or the Manufacturing Industries of Great Britain Described (London, 1843) [extract], pp. 1-16.3. Richard H. Horne, ‘The Female School of Design in the Capital of the World’, Household Words, vol. 2 (15 March 1851), pp. 578-81.4. ‘Calico Printing’ in Charles Tomlinson (ed.), Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures, vol. 2, (1852-4), p. 2795. John Capper, ‘The Northern Wizard’, Household Words, vol. 3, no 189 (5 November 1853), pp. 225-228 6. Anon, ‘Help for Women’, National Magazine (May 1861): pp. 32-34.7. Karl Marx, ‘The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret Thereof’, Capital (1867) (London: Swan Sonnenschein and Co. Ltd., 1902) pp.41-50.8. Anon. ‘Sewing Machines’, All the Year Round vol. 1 (new series) 27 March 1869, pp. 395-397.9. Lyon Playfair, ‘On Patents and the New Patent Bill’, Nineteenth Century (April 1877), pp. 317-19, 321-23, 325-26.10. J.T. Slugg, Reminiscences of Manchester Fifty Years Ago (Manchester, 1881) pp. 27-28, 37-38.Part 2. Textiles: Fabrics2.1 Fabrics11. Edward Baines, History of Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain (London, 1835), pp. 335-337358.12. Anon, ‘A Day at the Nottingham Lace Manufactories’, The Penny Magazine (26 March 1843), pp. 113, 115-120.13. Charles Dickens and W.H. Wills, ‘Spitalfields’, Household Words, vol. 3 (5 April 1851), pp. 25-30. 14. John Capper, ‘British Cotton’, Household Words, vol. 5, no. 106 (3 April 1852), pp. 51-54 15. Elizabeth Gaskell, North and South (1855) (London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 1897), pp.54-55, 97-98.16. Edward Baines, ‘On the Woollen Manufacture of England; With Special Reference to the Leeds Clothing District’, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, vol. 22, no. 1 (March 1859), pp. 1-9, 11-14. 17. ‘The Diary of John Ward of Clitheroe, Weaver 1860-64’, rpt in Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol. 5 (1953): 176-184.18. ‘Cotton Printing’, The National Encyclopaedia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, vol. 5 (London: c. 1870)19. ‘Wool Machinery’, The National Encyclopaedia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, vol. 4 (London: c. 1870)20. ‘Weaving Looms’, The National Encyclopaedia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, vol. 4 (London: c. 1870)21. Anon, ‘Honiton Lace’, The Gentleman’s Magazine (January 1871), pp. 164-171.22. William Morris, ‘Textile Fabrics’ [1884] in William Morris, Architecture, Industry and Wealth: Collected Papers (London: Longmans, Green S and Co., 1902), pp. 148-49, 161-63.23. Anon, ‘French Lace’, Bow Bells (9 November 1894), p. 4672.2. Clothing24. Thomas Hood, ‘The Song of the Shirt’ (1843) 25. Harriet Martineau, ‘Rainbow Making’, Household Words, vol. 4 (14 February 1852), pp. 485-490.26. Samuel Sidney, ‘A Ladies’ Warehouse’, Household Words, vol. 12 (27 October 1855), pp. 301-305.27. Mrs Henry Wood, Mrs Halliburton’s Troubles [1862] (London & New York: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., n.d.) pp. 99-100,107-108, 122, 134-135.28. Anon., ‘Gloves’, All The Year Round, vol. 9 (27 June 1863), pp. 425, 428-430.29. Anon., ‘A Crinoline Manufactory’, Once A Week, 23 January 1864, pp. 124-126.30. Edith Simcox, ‘Eight Years of Co-operative Shirtmaking’, The Nineteenth Century, vol. 15 (June 1884), pp. 1037-54.31. Ada Heather-Bigg, ‘Women and the Glove Trade’, The Nineteenth Century, vol. 30 (December 1891), pp. 939-44, 946-47.2.3 Carpets32. ‘Carpets’ in Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was Divided, 2 vols (London: Spicer Brothers; W. Clowes and Sons, 1852), pp. 1037-1040. 33. Professor Archer, ‘On the Progress of our Art Industries’, The Art Journal (June 1875), pp. 177-178 34. Harold Cox, ‘How Real Axminster is Made – a Visit to the only Factory in England’, Time: A Monthly Magazine, October 1890, pp. 1067-7135. David Paterson, The Colour Printing of Carpet Yarns: A Useful Manual for Colour-Chemists and Textile Printers (London: Scott and Greenwood, 1900), pp. 81-87. 2.4 Paper36. Charles Dickens and Mark Lemon, ‘A Paper-Mill’, Household Words, vol. 1 (31 August 1850), pp. 529-53137. Wallpaper, The Art Journal Illustrated Catalogue: The Industry of All Nations (London, 1851) p.129, 143.38. Harriet Martineau, ‘Household Scenery’, Household Words, vol. 5 (14 August 1852), pp. 513-519.39. ‘Cardboard’ – Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of useful arts and manufactures, vol. 2, ed. Charles Tomlinson (London: George Virtue, 1852-4), pp. 321-2440. Harriet Martineau, ‘How to Get Paper’, Household Words, vol. 10 (28 October 1854), pp. 241-245.41. Anon. ‘Cigarette’, London Journal (1 November 1869), p. 229.Part 3. Metal Goods: Pins and Needles3.1 Pins and Needles42. Anon., ‘Pin-Making (from Sir George Head’s Home Tour)’, The Mirror, vol. 28 (9th July 1836), pp. 29-3043. Anon., ‘A Second Day at the Birmingham Factories’, Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, vol. 13 (28th December 1844), pp. 501-502. 44. Harriet Martineau, ‘Needles’, Household Words, vol. 4 (28th February 1852), pp. 540-4645. Anon., ‘Pins’, Belgravia: A London Magazine, vol. 6 (August 1868), pp. 300-30246. A. L. O. E., The Story of a Needle (London: T. Nelson and Sons, 1874), pp. 7-10.47. ‘Needles’ from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, Vol. V. (New York: The Century Co., 1895) p.3956 3.2 Cutlery48. Anon., ‘A Day at the Sheffield Cutlery-Works’, The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, vol. 13 (April 27 1844), pp. 161-165, 167-168. 49. Anon., ‘Fraudulent Trade Marks’, Once a Week, vol. 8 (February 7, 1863), pp. 177-179 50. Anon., ‘Joseph Rodgers & Sons, Limited’, The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 121 (July 1882), pp. 551-557.51. Henry J. Palmer., ‘Cutlery and Cutlers at Sheffield’, The English Illustrated Magazine, vol. 11 (August 1884), pp. 667-669. 52. Anon., ‘Made in Germany’, The New Review, vol. 14 (March 1896), pp. 258-261. 53. Joseph Rodgers & Sons, selections from the ‘Old Table Day Book’ (date approx. ‘late 1800s), Museums Sheffield.54. ‘Fish-slice and fork, and dessert-knife’ (Messrs. J. Rodgers & Sons, of Sheffield), Art Journal Illustrated Catalogue of the Industry of All Nations [n.d.] (London: Bradbury & Evans, George Virtue) p. 278.3.3 Locks and Keys55. Charles Chubb, Chubb’s Improved Patent Detector Lock (1832). 56. Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil; or, the Two Nations (London: Henry Colburn, 1845), Book III, pp. 54-57.57. Samuel Smiles, Industrial Biography: Iron Workers and Tool Makers (London: John Murray, 1863), pp. 186-8758. Anon., ‘A Few Thoughts on Keys’, Cornhill Magazine, vol. 12, November 1865, pp. 623-2859. J. C. Tildesley, ‘A Chapter on Locks and Keys’, Once a Week, vol. 4 (9 November 1867), pp. 560-63.60. Anon., ‘A Midland Tour; XVII – Wolverhampton’, The Leisure Hour: a family journal of instruction and recreation, 20 July 1872, pp. 462-46361. Image: ‘Lock’ [Plate], The National Encyclopaedia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, vol. 8 (London: [n.p.])3.4 Fire Ironmongery62. ‘Fire Irons’ and ‘Fenders, Grates, and Light Iron Castings’, in Samuel Timmins (ed.), The Resources, Products, and Industrial History of Birmingham and the Midland Hardware District; A series of reports, collected by the local industries committee of the British Association at Birmingham (London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866), pp. 662-666. 63. Anon., ‘William S. Burton, General Furnishing Ironmonger’, The Athenaeum, no. 2171 (Jun 5, 1869), p. 780.64. B. W. Richardson, ‘Health at Home’, Good Words, vol. 21 (Jan 1880), pp. 98-101. 65. Anon., ‘Musgrave & Co. (Limited), Stable Fitting and Stove Manufacturers, Belfast, London, Manchester, and Paris’, in Wyman’s Commercial Encyclopædia of Leading Manufacturers of Great Britain and their Productions; Being a Guide to Merchant Buyers All Over the World (London: Wyman, 1888), pp. 450-51.Part 4. Household Goods4.1 Ceramics66. Anon, ‘Leaves from the Mahogany Tree: Table Furniture (China and Glass etc.)’, All the Year Round, vol. 20 (17 October 1868), pp. 441-43.67. ‘Ceramic Arts’ [Plate 2], The National Encyclopaedia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, vol. 4 (London: c. 1870)68. George Du Maurier, ‘The Six-Mark Tea-Pot’, Punch (30 October 1880) p.194.69. Anon, ‘China, China Everywhere’, The Pottery Gazette (1 July 1899), pp. 824-825.70. Arnold Bennett, Anna of the Five Towns [1902] 2nd ed. (New York: G.H. Doran, 1903), pp. 135-148.4.2 Glassware71. G. R. Porter, ‘On the Manufacture of Crown-Glass, Broad Glass, and Bottle Glass’, Treatise on the Origin, Progressive Improvement, and Present State of the Manufacture of Porcelain and Glass, (London: Longman, Brown and Green, (1832), pp. 182-187.72. Luke Herbert, ‘Glass’ in The Engineer’s and Mechanics Encyclopaedia, Comprehending Practical Illustrations of the Machinery and Processes Employed in Every Description of Manufacture in the British Empire, vol. 1 (London: Thomas Kelly, 1836), pp. 635-639.73. Anon., ‘The Falcon Glass-Works’ in The Busy Hives Around Us: A Variety of Trips and Visits to the Mine, the Workshop, and the Factory (London: James Hogg and Sons, c.1850), pp. 165-68.74. Anon., ‘A Glass Manufactory’, pp. 197-201 [bound pamphlet]4.3 Plate75. Alfred Crowquill, ‘The Service of Plate’, Temple Bar, vol. 20 (May 1867), pp. 272-77 76. Anon., ‘The Age of the Electro-Plate’, Fun, vol. 5 (March 1867), p. 8.77. Anon., ‘Electro-Deposition’, The National Encyclopaedia: a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, vol. 5 (London: c.1870), pp. 782-864.4 Soap78. Anon., ‘A Day at a Soap and Candle Factory’, Penny Magazine for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, vol. 11 (January 29, 1842), pp. 41-47.79. ‘By Order of the Bath’, Pears Soap. Unilever Archives.80. ‘Some Good Reasons for Using Sunlight Soap’, Wellcome Collection, Unilever Archives, 81. ‘Vinolia Soap’, Unilever Collections, Unilever Art. 4.5 Candles82. Campbell Morfit, A Treatise on Chemistry Applied to the Manufacture of Soap and Candles, (Philadelphia: [n.p], 1856), pp. 17-21 83. William Crookes, ‘Preface’ to Michael Faraday, The Chemical History of a Candle: a course of lectures delivered before an audience at the Royal Institution (London: Chatto and Windus, 1875), pp. v-vii.84. Joseph Hatton, ‘Candle-Making’, The English Illustrated Magazine, vol. 105 (Jun 1892), pp. 703-712 85. James McNeil Whistler, ‘Price’s Candle-Works’ 1876/77, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.Index