Alwin Hoogendoorn is Portfolio research manager at the Centre of Expertise Biobased Economy of both Avans University of Applied Sciences and HZ University of Applied Sciences (www.coebbe.nl) and has been involved in bioenergy R&D and the actual realisation of bioenergy and biofuel plants over the last 20 years. Han van Kasteren is employed at Eindhoven University of Technology and the Centre of Expertise Biobased Economy, where he is a Professor for the research area Biobased Products. He specializes in the areas of energy and waste technologies including novel biofuel production processes, such as biodiesel and bio-ethanol, thermal treatment of (bio)wastes e.g. pyrolysis and gasification, and recycling processes for plastic containing waste streams.Alwin Hoogendoorn and Han van Kasteren both have experience in the areas of novel biofuel production processes and have been working on, enzymatic biodiesel processes, digestion processes, biological conversion of syngas into both ethanol and methane and, more recently, have become involved in electro fuels. Both authors can be considered to be pragmatic and hands-on: various research projects were executed and practical knowledge has been gained while using pilot scale test installations or demonstration plants.