Translating Empire

Laura Lomas is Assistant Professor of English Literature and American Studies at Rutgers University.

• Preface: Criticar es Amar: Translation and Self-Criticism ixIntroduction: Metropolitan Debts, Imperial Modernity, and Latino Modernism 11. Latino American Postcolonial Theory from a Space In-Between 412. La AmÉrica with an Accent: North Americans, Spanish-Language Print Culture, and American Modernities 833. The "Evening of Emerson": MartÍ's Postcolonial Double Consciousness 1304. MartÍ's "Mock-Congratulatory Signs": Walt Whitman's Occult Artistry 1775. MartÍ's Border Writing: Infiltrative Translation, Late Nineteenth-Century "Latinness" and the Perils of Pan-Americanism 216Conclusion. Cross-Pollinating "Dust on Butterfly's Wings": Latina/o Writing and Culture Beyond and After MartÍ 278Notes 285Bibliography 347Index 375

“Laura Lomas’s monograph is a superb contribution to the scholarship on JosÉ MartÍ and the ways in which he and other Latino authors in the late nineteenth-century United States laid the foundations for a critique of a rising United States by viewing its relationship to Latin America from their anticolonial perspective as migrants. . . . [A] highly original and timely presentation on an exciting and growing field of literary and culturalscholarship.” - RaÚl FernÁndez, Hispanic American Historical Review “Translating Empire is an often provocative text that manages to pull off a difficult feat: saying something new about MartÍ. . . . Lomas’s rereading of MartÍ’s work is an expert account of his political commitments and his formal innovations, and it offers a compelling vision for the political vocation of Latino Studies and an anti-imperial American Studies.” - John Patrick Leary, Criticism “Translating Empire is a provocative study that will reorient our understanding of the late nineteenth century, modernism, and transnational Latino writing, and of JosÉ MartÍ as an important cultural worker of the period who translated empire across and between many borders.” - Marissa LÓpez, Nineteenth-Century Literature “Lomas’s most valuable contribution in Translating Empire is the foregrounding of MartÍ’s lesser-known works. Examining Marti’s career as a journalist and translator during his fifteen-year stay in the United States, Lomas adds greatly to our understanding of a migrant Latino consciousness with roots deep in the nineteenth century.” - John MorÁn GonzÁlez, American Literature “Translating Empire aims to show how indispensable Latino migrant translations have been to the imagining of American cultural and literary history. It is a task that captures in a small but convincing and eloquent way the mood of the moment, in which Barack Obama’s appeal, for example, to engage with Latin America on the basis of equality and mutual respect, a shared Americanness, appears to herald a new era of relations.” - Gavin O’Toole, Latin American Review of Books “Lomas’s magisterial study focuses on the writings and intellectual legacies ofCuban independence leader JosÉ MartÍ. . . . In the process, Lomas seeks to engage explicitly with contemporary theories and critiques of empire undertaken in American studies and inter-American modernisms in order to instantiate a ‘genealogy of alternative American modernities’(ix).” - LÁzaro Lima, American Literary History “At a time when transnational cultural and economic flows preoccupy scholars and politicians, and debates on immigration rage in the media and in the halls of Congress, Laura Lomas returns us to the rich writings of JosÉ MartÍ. Lomas’s MartÍ is not just the towering intellectual and Cuban independence leader familiar to scholars of Latin American culture, but also a Latino migrant who thought deeply about the workings of the U.S. empire, about immigrants, and about how the imagination can shape a truly democratic future in the Americas. Lomas is a sensitive and learned reader of MartÍ and one of our very best guides into his vast corpus. She creates the conditions for MartÍ’s aladas palabras (winged words) to soar for legions of new readers.”-David Luis-Brown, author of Waves of Decolonization: Discourses of Race and Hemispheric Citizenship in Cuba, Mexico, and the United States “This beautifully written and meticulously researched book significantly broadens what most U.S. Americanists will know-and will think they need to know-about JosÉ MartÍ. Laura Lomas’s arguments about the imbrication of modernist experimental form with imperial modernity are provocative and likely to be widely discussed.”-Kirsten Silva Gruesz, author of Ambassadors of Culture: The Transamerican Origins of Latino Writing “Translating Empire aims to show how indispensable Latino migrant translations have been to the imagining of American cultural and literary history. It is a task that captures in a small but convincing and eloquent way the mood of the moment, in which Barack Obama’s appeal, for example, to engage with Latin America on the basis of equality and mutual respect, a shared Americanness, appears to herald a new era of relations.” - Gavin O'Toole (Latin American Review of Books) “Translating Empire is a provocative study that will reorient our understanding of the late nineteenth century, modernism, and transnational Latino writing, and of JosÉ MartÍ as an important cultural worker of the period who translated empire across and between many borders.” - Marissa López (Nineteenth-Century Literature) “Translating Empire is an often provocative text that manages to pull off a difficult feat: saying something new about MartÍ. . . . Lomas’s rereading of MartÍ’s work is an expert account of his political commitments and his formal innovations, and it offers a compelling vision for the political vocation of Latino Studies and an anti-imperial American Studies.” - John Patrick Leary (Criticism) “Laura Lomas’s monograph is a superb contribution to the scholarship on JosÉ MartÍ and the ways in which he and other Latino authors in the late nineteenth-century United States laid the foundations for a critique of a rising United States by viewing its relationship to Latin America from their anticolonial perspective as migrants. . . . [A] highly original and timely presentation on an exciting and growing field of literary and cultural scholarship.” - Raúl Fernández (Hispanic American Historical Review) “Lomas’s magisterial study focuses on the writings and intellectual legacies of Cuban independence leader JosÉ MartÍ. . . . In the process, Lomas seeks to engage explicitly with contemporary theories and critiques of empire undertaken in American studies and inter-American modernisms in order to instantiate a ‘genealogy of alternative American modernities’(ix).” - Lázaro Lima (American Literary History)