Stanley Fish is the author of numerous books, including How to Write a Sentence, There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and Is There a Text in This Class? His most recent book is Versions of Academic Freedom. He is the Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor and Professor of Law at Florida International University and the Visiting Floersheimer Professor of Law at Cardozo Law School. He previously taught at Berkeley, Johns Hopkins, Duke, and the University of Illinois, Chicago.

• Introduction XI Part 1 Personal Reflections 1 1.1 My Life Report 3 1.2 'Tis the Season 7 1.3 Max the Plumber 10 1.4 Is It Good for the Jews? 13 1.5 My Life on the Court 18 1.6 The Kid and Old Blue Eyes 21 1.7 Travel Narrows 24 1.8 I Am, Therefore I Pollute 26 1.9 Why We Can't Just Get Along 29 1.10 Truth and Conspiracy in the Catskills 32 1.11 Moving On 35 Part 2 Aesthetic Reflections 37 2.1 Why Do Writers Write? 39 2.2 Two Aesthetics 42 2.3 Norms and Deviations: Who's to Say? 47 2.4 The Ten Best American Movies 52 2.5 Giving Kim Novak Her Due 59 2.6 Larger than Life: Charlton Heston 62 2.7 Vengeance Is Mine 67 2.8 Little Big Men 70 2.9 Narrative and the Grace of God: The New True Grit 73 2.10 Les Miserables and Irony 76 2.11 No Way Out: 12 Years a Slave 80 2.12 Stand Your Ground, Be a Man 84 2.13 Country Roads 87 Part 3 Cultural Reflections 91 3.1 Professor Sokal's Bad Joke 93 3.2 French Theory in America 98 3.3 Dorothy and the Tree: A Lesson in Epistemology 105 3.4 Does Philosophy Matter? 109 3.5 What Did Watson the Computer Do? 112 3.6 None of the Answers: Charles Van Doren Finally Speaks, or Does He? 115 3.7 Can I Put You on Hold? 120 3.8 So's Your Old Man 123 3.9 Two Cheers for Double Standards 126 3.10 Favoritism Is Good 129 Part 4 Reflections on Politics 133 4.1 Condemnation without Absolutes 135 4.2 The All-Spin Zone 138 4.3 Against Independent Voters 142 4.4 When "Identity Politics" Is Rational 145 4.5 Blowin' in the Wind 149 4.6 Looking for Gas in All the Wrong Places 151 4.7 When Principles Get in the Way 154 4.8 Revisiting Affirmative Action, with Help from Kant 157 4.9 Is the NRA Un-American? 162 4.10 All You Need Is Hate 167 4.11 How the Right Hijacked the Magic Words 170 Part 5 Reflections on the Law 175 5.1 Why Scalia Is Right 177 5.2 How Scalia Is Wrong 180 5.3 Intentional Neglect 185 5.4 What Did the Framers Have in Mind? 189 5.5 What Is the First Amendment For? 192 5.6 How the First Amendment Works 198 5.7 What Does the First Amendment Protect? 203 5.8 The First Amendment and Kittens 207 5.9 Sticks and Stones 212 5.10 The Harm in Free Speech 215 5.11 Hate Speech and Stolen Valor 220 5.12 Going in Circles with Hate Speech 225 5.13 Our Faith in Letting It All Hang Out 231 Part 6 Reflections on Religion 235 6.1 The Three Atheists 237 6.2 Atheism and Evidence 242 6.3 Is Religion Man-Made? 246 6.4 God Talk 249 6.5 Suffering, Evil, and the Existence of God 254 6.6 Liberalism and Secularism: One and the Same 260 6.7 Are There Secular Reasons? 266 6.8 Serving Two Masters: Sharia Law and the Secular State 271 6.9 Religion and the Liberal State Once Again 276 6.10 Religion without Truth 281 6.11 Is the Establishment Clause Unconstitutional? 283 6.12 The Religion Clause Divided against Itself 288 6.13 When Is a Cross a Cross? 291 6.14 Being Neutral Is Oh So Hard to Do 294 Part 7 Reflections on Liberal Arts Education 299 7.1 Why We Built the Ivory Tower 301 7.2 There's No Business like Show Business 304 7.3 Tip to Professors: Just Do Your Job 307 7.4 Devoid of Content 311 7.5 What Should Colleges Teach? 315 7.6 Will the Humanities Save Us? 320 7.7 The Uses of the Humanities 324 7.8 The Value of Higher Education Made Literal 331 7.9 A Classical Education: Back to the Future 334 7.10 Deep in the Heart of Texas 339 7.11 The Digital Humanities and the Transcending of Mortality 343 7.12 Mind Your P's and B's: The Digital Humanities and Interpretation 349 Part 8 Reflections on Academic Freedom 357 8.1 Conspiracy Theories 101 359 8.2 Always Academicize: My Response to the Responses 363 8.3 A Closing Argument (for Now) 368 8.4 The Two Languages of Academic Freedom 374 8.5 Are Academics Different? 378 8.6 The Kushner Flap: Much Ado about Nothing 384 8.7 Sex, the Koch Brothers, and Academic Freedom 388 8.8 To Boycott or Not to Boycott, That Is the Question 395 8.9 Academic Freedom against Itself: Boycotting Israeli Universities 402 8.10 Boycotting Israeli Universities: Part 2 407 8.11 So Long, It's Been Good to Know You 412 Acknowledgments 415 Index 417

"You are not obligated to agree with him and you are not obligated to like him, but if you care about the enlarging necessity of contest in cultural discourse, then you are obligated to read him, not with some magical 'open mind'--Fish has no patience for that concept--but with the full force of the mind you have."--The New Republic "Stanley Fish makes you think. No matter what you thought, or thought you thought, on a given subject--Israel, academia, pickup basketball, American law--Fish will flip it and spin it and dip it and turn it around for you. (And he can be a terrific comedian to boot.) A brilliant book."--Mark Edmundson, author of Why Read? "Lucid, sinewy sentences lash, tickle, and caress."--Kirkus(Starred Review) "[Fish] covers so much ground so thoughtfully. Whether he is writing about French theory, religion, poetry, law, liberal education, or politics in upstate New York--where he tries hard to be just an ordinary guy (in his country home--Fish is both stimulating and precise."--The Chronicle of Higher Education "Engaging, provocative, maddening, humorous, and insightful."--Arts Fuse "Think Again is a memorable achievement, offering a standard of argument rarely published in media."--The Australian "Stimulating."--The Weekly Standard "We are rarely in doubt about what Fish intends; there is small danger of his ever saying nothing; and his thoughts continually encourage us to think again as the implications of what he has written expand variously."--Brooke Horvath, Rain Taxi

Stanley Fish is the author of numerous books, including How to Write a Sentence, There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and Is There a Text in This Class? His most recent book is Versions of Academic Freedom. He is the Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor and Professor of Law at Florida International University and the Visiting Floersheimer Professor of Law at Cardozo Law School. He previously taught at Berkeley, Johns Hopkins, Duke, and the University of Illinois, Chicago.

• Introduction XI Part 1 Personal Reflections 1 1.1 My Life Report 3 1.2 'Tis the Season 7 1.3 Max the Plumber 10 1.4 Is It Good for the Jews? 13 1.5 My Life on the Court 18 1.6 The Kid and Old Blue Eyes 21 1.7 Travel Narrows 24 1.8 I Am, Therefore I Pollute 26 1.9 Why We Can't Just Get Along 29 1.10 Truth and Conspiracy in the Catskills 32 1.11 Moving On 35 Part 2 Aesthetic Reflections 37 2.1 Why Do Writers Write? 39 2.2 Two Aesthetics 42 2.3 Norms and Deviations: Who's to Say? 47 2.4 The Ten Best American Movies 52 2.5 Giving Kim Novak Her Due 59 2.6 Larger than Life: Charlton Heston 62 2.7 Vengeance Is Mine 67 2.8 Little Big Men 70 2.9 Narrative and the Grace of God: The New True Grit 73 2.10 Les Miserables and Irony 76 2.11 No Way Out: 12 Years a Slave 80 2.12 Stand Your Ground, Be a Man 84 2.13 Country Roads 87 Part 3 Cultural Reflections 91 3.1 Professor Sokal's Bad Joke 93 3.2 French Theory in America 98 3.3 Dorothy and the Tree: A Lesson in Epistemology 105 3.4 Does Philosophy Matter? 109 3.5 What Did Watson the Computer Do? 112 3.6 None of the Answers: Charles Van Doren Finally Speaks, or Does He? 115 3.7 Can I Put You on Hold? 120 3.8 So's Your Old Man 123 3.9 Two Cheers for Double Standards 126 3.10 Favoritism Is Good 129 Part 4 Reflections on Politics 133 4.1 Condemnation without Absolutes 135 4.2 The All-Spin Zone 138 4.3 Against Independent Voters 142 4.4 When "Identity Politics" Is Rational 145 4.5 Blowin' in the Wind 149 4.6 Looking for Gas in All the Wrong Places 151 4.7 When Principles Get in the Way 154 4.8 Revisiting Affirmative Action, with Help from Kant 157 4.9 Is the NRA Un-American? 162 4.10 All You Need Is Hate 167 4.11 How the Right Hijacked the Magic Words 170 Part 5 Reflections on the Law 175 5.1 Why Scalia Is Right 177 5.2 How Scalia Is Wrong 180 5.3 Intentional Neglect 185 5.4 What Did the Framers Have in Mind? 189 5.5 What Is the First Amendment For? 192 5.6 How the First Amendment Works 198 5.7 What Does the First Amendment Protect? 203 5.8 The First Amendment and Kittens 207 5.9 Sticks and Stones 212 5.10 The Harm in Free Speech 215 5.11 Hate Speech and Stolen Valor 220 5.12 Going in Circles with Hate Speech 225 5.13 Our Faith in Letting It All Hang Out 231 Part 6 Reflections on Religion 235 6.1 The Three Atheists 237 6.2 Atheism and Evidence 242 6.3 Is Religion Man-Made? 246 6.4 God Talk 249 6.5 Suffering, Evil, and the Existence of God 254 6.6 Liberalism and Secularism: One and the Same 260 6.7 Are There Secular Reasons? 266 6.8 Serving Two Masters: Sharia Law and the Secular State 271 6.9 Religion and the Liberal State Once Again 276 6.10 Religion without Truth 281 6.11 Is the Establishment Clause Unconstitutional? 283 6.12 The Religion Clause Divided against Itself 288 6.13 When Is a Cross a Cross? 291 6.14 Being Neutral Is Oh So Hard to Do 294 Part 7 Reflections on Liberal Arts Education 299 7.1 Why We Built the Ivory Tower 301 7.2 There's No Business like Show Business 304 7.3 Tip to Professors: Just Do Your Job 307 7.4 Devoid of Content 311 7.5 What Should Colleges Teach? 315 7.6 Will the Humanities Save Us? 320 7.7 The Uses of the Humanities 324 7.8 The Value of Higher Education Made Literal 331 7.9 A Classical Education: Back to the Future 334 7.10 Deep in the Heart of Texas 339 7.11 The Digital Humanities and the Transcending of Mortality 343 7.12 Mind Your P's and B's: The Digital Humanities and Interpretation 349 Part 8 Reflections on Academic Freedom 357 8.1 Conspiracy Theories 101 359 8.2 Always Academicize: My Response to the Responses 363 8.3 A Closing Argument (for Now) 368 8.4 The Two Languages of Academic Freedom 374 8.5 Are Academics Different? 378 8.6 The Kushner Flap: Much Ado about Nothing 384 8.7 Sex, the Koch Brothers, and Academic Freedom 388 8.8 To Boycott or Not to Boycott, That Is the Question 395 8.9 Academic Freedom against Itself: Boycotting Israeli Universities 402 8.10 Boycotting Israeli Universities: Part 2 407 8.11 So Long, It's Been Good to Know You 412 Acknowledgments 415 Index 417

"You are not obligated to agree with him and you are not obligated to like him, but if you care about the enlarging necessity of contest in cultural discourse, then you are obligated to read him, not with some magical 'open mind'--Fish has no patience for that concept--but with the full force of the mind you have."--The New Republic "Stanley Fish makes you think. No matter what you thought, or thought you thought, on a given subject--Israel, academia, pickup basketball, American law--Fish will flip it and spin it and dip it and turn it around for you. (And he can be a terrific comedian to boot.) A brilliant book."--Mark Edmundson, author of Why Read? "Lucid, sinewy sentences lash, tickle, and caress."--Kirkus(Starred Review) "[Fish] covers so much ground so thoughtfully. Whether he is writing about French theory, religion, poetry, law, liberal education, or politics in upstate New York--where he tries hard to be just an ordinary guy (in his country home--Fish is both stimulating and precise."--The Chronicle of Higher Education "Engaging, provocative, maddening, humorous, and insightful."--Arts Fuse "Think Again is a memorable achievement, offering a standard of argument rarely published in media."--The Australian "Stimulating."--The Weekly Standard "We are rarely in doubt about what Fish intends; there is small danger of his ever saying nothing; and his thoughts continually encourage us to think again as the implications of what he has written expand variously."--Brooke Horvath, Rain Taxi

Stanley Fish is the author of numerous books, including How to Write a Sentence, There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and Is There a Text in This Class? His most recent book is Versions of Academic Freedom. He is the Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor and Professor of Law at Florida International University and the Visiting Floersheimer Professor of Law at Cardozo Law School. He previously taught at Berkeley, Johns Hopkins, Duke, and the University of Illinois, Chicago.

• Introduction XI Part 1 Personal Reflections 1 1.1 My Life Report 3 1.2 'Tis the Season 7 1.3 Max the Plumber 10 1.4 Is It Good for the Jews? 13 1.5 My Life on the Court 18 1.6 The Kid and Old Blue Eyes 21 1.7 Travel Narrows 24 1.8 I Am, Therefore I Pollute 26 1.9 Why We Can't Just Get Along 29 1.10 Truth and Conspiracy in the Catskills 32 1.11 Moving On 35 Part 2 Aesthetic Reflections 37 2.1 Why Do Writers Write? 39 2.2 Two Aesthetics 42 2.3 Norms and Deviations: Who's to Say? 47 2.4 The Ten Best American Movies 52 2.5 Giving Kim Novak Her Due 59 2.6 Larger than Life: Charlton Heston 62 2.7 Vengeance Is Mine 67 2.8 Little Big Men 70 2.9 Narrative and the Grace of God: The New True Grit 73 2.10 Les Miserables and Irony 76 2.11 No Way Out: 12 Years a Slave 80 2.12 Stand Your Ground, Be a Man 84 2.13 Country Roads 87 Part 3 Cultural Reflections 91 3.1 Professor Sokal's Bad Joke 93 3.2 French Theory in America 98 3.3 Dorothy and the Tree: A Lesson in Epistemology 105 3.4 Does Philosophy Matter? 109 3.5 What Did Watson the Computer Do? 112 3.6 None of the Answers: Charles Van Doren Finally Speaks, or Does He? 115 3.7 Can I Put You on Hold? 120 3.8 So's Your Old Man 123 3.9 Two Cheers for Double Standards 126 3.10 Favoritism Is Good 129 Part 4 Reflections on Politics 133 4.1 Condemnation without Absolutes 135 4.2 The All-Spin Zone 138 4.3 Against Independent Voters 142 4.4 When "Identity Politics" Is Rational 145 4.5 Blowin' in the Wind 149 4.6 Looking for Gas in All the Wrong Places 151 4.7 When Principles Get in the Way 154 4.8 Revisiting Affirmative Action, with Help from Kant 157 4.9 Is the NRA Un-American? 162 4.10 All You Need Is Hate 167 4.11 How the Right Hijacked the Magic Words 170 Part 5 Reflections on the Law 175 5.1 Why Scalia Is Right 177 5.2 How Scalia Is Wrong 180 5.3 Intentional Neglect 185 5.4 What Did the Framers Have in Mind? 189 5.5 What Is the First Amendment For? 192 5.6 How the First Amendment Works 198 5.7 What Does the First Amendment Protect? 203 5.8 The First Amendment and Kittens 207 5.9 Sticks and Stones 212 5.10 The Harm in Free Speech 215 5.11 Hate Speech and Stolen Valor 220 5.12 Going in Circles with Hate Speech 225 5.13 Our Faith in Letting It All Hang Out 231 Part 6 Reflections on Religion 235 6.1 The Three Atheists 237 6.2 Atheism and Evidence 242 6.3 Is Religion Man-Made? 246 6.4 God Talk 249 6.5 Suffering, Evil, and the Existence of God 254 6.6 Liberalism and Secularism: One and the Same 260 6.7 Are There Secular Reasons? 266 6.8 Serving Two Masters: Sharia Law and the Secular State 271 6.9 Religion and the Liberal State Once Again 276 6.10 Religion without Truth 281 6.11 Is the Establishment Clause Unconstitutional? 283 6.12 The Religion Clause Divided against Itself 288 6.13 When Is a Cross a Cross? 291 6.14 Being Neutral Is Oh So Hard to Do 294 Part 7 Reflections on Liberal Arts Education 299 7.1 Why We Built the Ivory Tower 301 7.2 There's No Business like Show Business 304 7.3 Tip to Professors: Just Do Your Job 307 7.4 Devoid of Content 311 7.5 What Should Colleges Teach? 315 7.6 Will the Humanities Save Us? 320 7.7 The Uses of the Humanities 324 7.8 The Value of Higher Education Made Literal 331 7.9 A Classical Education: Back to the Future 334 7.10 Deep in the Heart of Texas 339 7.11 The Digital Humanities and the Transcending of Mortality 343 7.12 Mind Your P's and B's: The Digital Humanities and Interpretation 349 Part 8 Reflections on Academic Freedom 357 8.1 Conspiracy Theories 101 359 8.2 Always Academicize: My Response to the Responses 363 8.3 A Closing Argument (for Now) 368 8.4 The Two Languages of Academic Freedom 374 8.5 Are Academics Different? 378 8.6 The Kushner Flap: Much Ado about Nothing 384 8.7 Sex, the Koch Brothers, and Academic Freedom 388 8.8 To Boycott or Not to Boycott, That Is the Question 395 8.9 Academic Freedom against Itself: Boycotting Israeli Universities 402 8.10 Boycotting Israeli Universities: Part 2 407 8.11 So Long, It's Been Good to Know You 412 Acknowledgments 415 Index 417

"You are not obligated to agree with him and you are not obligated to like him, but if you care about the enlarging necessity of contest in cultural discourse, then you are obligated to read him, not with some magical 'open mind'--Fish has no patience for that concept--but with the full force of the mind you have."--The New Republic "Stanley Fish makes you think. No matter what you thought, or thought you thought, on a given subject--Israel, academia, pickup basketball, American law--Fish will flip it and spin it and dip it and turn it around for you. (And he can be a terrific comedian to boot.) A brilliant book."--Mark Edmundson, author of Why Read? "Lucid, sinewy sentences lash, tickle, and caress."--Kirkus(Starred Review) "[Fish] covers so much ground so thoughtfully. Whether he is writing about French theory, religion, poetry, law, liberal education, or politics in upstate New York--where he tries hard to be just an ordinary guy (in his country home--Fish is both stimulating and precise."--The Chronicle of Higher Education "Engaging, provocative, maddening, humorous, and insightful."--Arts Fuse "Think Again is a memorable achievement, offering a standard of argument rarely published in media."--The Australian "Stimulating."--The Weekly Standard "We are rarely in doubt about what Fish intends; there is small danger of his ever saying nothing; and his thoughts continually encourage us to think again as the implications of what he has written expand variously."--Brooke Horvath, Rain Taxi