Focusing on the astronomy and geosciences in ancient China, this book discusses the scientific developments and achievements in the past 5000 years, including the ancient Chinese calendar and Yellow River harnessing as well as topics such as military geography and ancient earthquake prediction. This book is the second volume in the series History of Science and Technology in China. History of Science and Technology in China is the first series with high academic values on general history of Chinese science and technology, with contributions by top-notch scholars in this field. This 5-volume work provides an encyclopedic historical panorama of Chinese scientific and technological development. It unfolds the history of Chinese science and technology through a clarified timeline from as early as the far ancient times to the very present. This work consists of five volumes:  Origins of Chinese Sciences, Ancient Chinese Studies of Heaven and Earth, High Tide of Chinese Sciences, Theoretical and Technological Development, and Western Influences.