Statistical Universals of Language

• I. Preface.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Universals.- 3. Language as a Complex System.- II. Property of Population.- 4. Relation Between Rank and Frequency.- 5. Bias in Rank-Frequency Relation.- 6. Related Statistical Universals.- III. Property of Sequence.- 7. Returns.- 8. Long-Range Correlation.- 9. Fluctuation.- 10. Complexity.- IV. Relation to Linguistic Elements and Structure.- 11. Articulation of Elements.- 12. Word Meaning and Value.- 13. Size and Frequency.- 14. Grammatical Structure and Long Memory.- V. Mathematical Model.- 15. Theories Behind Zipf's Law.- 16. Mathematical Generative Models.- 17. Language Models.- VI. Ending Remarks.- 18. Conclusion.- VII. Appendix.- 19. Glossary and Notations.- 20. Mathematical Details.- 21. Data.- References.- Index.

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