Sourcebook of Listening Research

DEBRA L. WORTHINGTON is Professor and Associate Director for Communication at Auburn University, USA. She is the principal author of the leading textbook Listening: Processes, Functions, and Competency (2011). She has published numerous research articles on listening - particularly as related to measurement and individual listening style. Her research has been recognized by the International Listening Association, the American Society of Trial Consultants, the European Communication Research and Education Association, the National Communication Association, the Eastern Communication Association, and the Southern Communication Association. Worthington has received the Ralph G. Nichols Listening Award (International Listening Association) and the Burton Award for Legal Achievement (Burton Foundation), and is a past president of the International Listening Association. GRAHAM D. BODIE (PhD, Purdue University), formerly Professor of Communication Studies at Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, is now on faculty in the Meek School of Journalism and New Media at The University of Mississippi. His research on listening and the social cognitive underpinnings of human communicative behavior has been published in Human Communication Research, Communication Monographs, Communication Research, Communication Yearbook, and the International Journal of Listening, among other outlets. Graham's research has been funded by the Louisiana Board of Regents and the National Science Foundation, and he regularly appears in local and national media outlets on issues relevant to listening in close relationships.

• Notes on Contributors xiPreface xxiiSection One Decisions for the Measurement of Listening 1Chapter 1 Defining Listening: A Historical, Theoretical, and Pragmatic Assessment 3Debra L. Worthington and Graham D. BodieSection Two Methodological Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities in Listening Research 19Chapter 2 Measuring Listening 21 Graham D. Bodie and Debra L. WorthingtonChapter 3 Qualitative Approaches and Listening Research 45Barbara Cook OvertonChapter 4 Modeling and Measuring Cognitive Components of Listening 70Debra L. WorthingtonChapter 5 Measuring Affective Components of Listening 97Graham D. Bodie and Susanne M. JonesChapter 6 Measuring Behavioral Components of Listening 123Graham D. BodieSection Three Measurement Profiles 151Profile 1 The Academic Listening Self-rating Questionnaire (ALSA) 153Vahid Aryadoust and Christine C. M. GohProfile 2 Active - Empathic Listening Scale (AELS) 161Shaughan A. KeatonProfile 3 Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS) 167Brock Bybee and Jonathon FrostProfile 4 Active Listening Observation Scale (ALOS) 174Andrea J. VickeryProfile 5 Affectionate Communication Scale (TAS) (Trait-Given & Trait-Received) 180Kory Floyd and Mark Alan GenerousProfile 6 Affectionate Communication Index (ACI) 186Kory Floyd and Lisa J. van RaalteProfile 7 Attributional Complexity Scale (ACS) 191Michael NavarroProfile 8 Audio Message Complexity: Audio Content Change (Acc) and Audio Information Introduced (Aii) 198Robert F. Potter and Annie LangProfile 9 Communicative Adaptability Scale (CAS) 204Gwen A. HullmanProfile 10 Communication Competency Assessment Instrument (CCAI) 212Phil BacklundProfile 11 Communication Functions Questionnaire (CFQ-30) 217Graham D. BodieProfile 12 Conversational Listening Span (CLS) 224Debra L. Worthington and Courtney EdwardsProfile 13 Conversational Sensitivity Scale (CSS) 232Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 14 The Couples Helping Exercise 239Andrew C. High, Jenny L. Crowley, and Emily M. BuehlerProfile 15 Doctors’ Interpersonal Skills Questionnaire (DISQ) 246Helen MeldrumProfile 16 Effective Listening and Interactive Communication Scale (ELICS) 252Gillian King and Michelle ServaisProfile 17 Empathic Accuracy: Standard Stimulus Paradigm (EA-SSP) 259Vivian Ta and William IckesProfile 18 Empathic Accuracy: Unstructured Dyadic Interaction Paradigm (EA-UDIP) 265Vivian Ta and William IckesProfile 19 Facilitating Listening Scale (FLS) 272Avraham N. Kluger and Osnat Bouskila-YamProfile 20 Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) 281Carly M. Danielson and Susanne M. JonesProfile 21 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 290Iballa Burunat and Elvira BratticoProfile 22 Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) 299Christopher C. GearhartProfile 23 HURIER Listening Profile 306Margarete ImhofProfile 24 Informational Reception Apprehension Test (IRAT) 313Shaughan A. KeatonProfile 25 Interaction Involvement Scale (IIS) 319Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 26 Feffer’s Interpersonal Decentering 327Molly S. Tucker and Sharon Rae JenkinsProfile 27 Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) 334Christopher T. BelserProfile 28 Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) 340Shaughan A. KeatonProfile 29 Language Style Matching (LSM) 348Kaitlin CannavaProfile 30 Leader-Member Exchange 7 Questionnaire (LMX-7) 354Lisa K. HanasonoProfile 31 Listenability Style Guide (LSG) 361Graham D. BodieProfile 32 Listening Concepts Inventory (LCI and LCI-R) 372Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 33 Listening Fidelity (LF) 379Margarete ImhofProfile 34 Listening Practices Feedback Report (LPFR) 387Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 35 Listening Span Tests 394Margarete ImhofProfile 36 Listening Styles Profile-Revised (LSP-R) 402Graham D. Bodie and Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 37 Medical Communication Competence Scale (MCCS) 410Danielle Blanch-HartiganProfile 38 Memory for Conversation 419Jonathon Frost and Brock BybeeProfile 39 Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) 430Christine C. M. GohProfile 40 Metacognitive Listening Strategies Instrument (MLSI) 438Laura A. JanusikProfile 41 Microanalysis of Face-to-Face Dialogue (MFD) 445Janet Bavelas, Jennifer Gerwing, Sara Healing, and Christine TomoriProfile 42 Multidimensional Evaluation of Enacted Social Support (MEESS) 453Daena J. Goldsmith and Abbey GriscomProfile 43 Multitasking While Listening 458Jonathon Frost and Brock BybeeProfile 44 Narrative Believability Scale (NBS-12) 465Graham D. BodieProfile 45 Narrative Engagement Measure (NEM) 469Jenny L. Crowley and Jennifer A. JacklProfile 46 Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS) 475Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 47 Nonverbal Immediacy Measures 482Jane B. TeelProfile 48 Normative Message Processing Scale (NMPS) 496R. Kelly Aune and Rodney A. ReynoldsProfile 49 Ordinary Conversation Scale (OCS) 504Brian Lakey and Travis SainProfile 50 Organizational Listening Survey (OLS) 509Laura A. JanusikProfile 51 Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS) 516Harry T. Reis, Dev Crasta, Ronald D. Rogge, Michael R. Maniaci, and Cheryl L. CarmichaelProfile 52 Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS) 522Laura A. JanusikProfile 53 Rational-Experiential Inventory–40 (REI-40) 530Shaughan A. KeatonProfile 54 Relational Framing 537Denise Haunani Solomon and Sara K. SalmonProfile 55 Rhetorical Sensitivity Scale (RHETSEN) 545Shaughan A. KeatonProfile 56 Role Category Questionnaire (RCQ) 552Andrea J. VickeryProfile 57 Self-Perceived Listening Competence Scale (SPLCS) 560Margarete ImhofProfile 58 Talkaholic Scale (Compulsive Communication Scale) (TAS) 566Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 59 Team Listening Environment (TLE) 573Michelle K. Johnston and Kendra ReedProfile 60 Time Studies 578Graham D. BodieProfile 61 The Listening Test of the Internet-Based Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL iBT) 592Vahid AryadoustProfile 62 Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (VAS) 599Timothy R. LevineProfile 63 Taxonomy of Verbal Response Modes (VRM) 605William B. StilesProfile 64 Watson-Barker Listening Test (WBLT) 612Debra L. WorthingtonProfile 65 Willingness to Listen (WTL) 617Andrea J. VickeryIndex 624