William Francis Magie was Professor of Physics at Princeton University.

• General Editor's Preface Author's Preface PART 1: MECHANICS Galileo: Life. Acceleration and Laws of Falling Bodies. The Pendulum. Motion of Projectiles. Stevinus: Life. The Inclined Plane. Huygens: Life. Theorems on Centrifugal Force. Newton: Life. Definitions. Axioms or Laws of Motion. Varignon: Life. Varignon's Theorem. Jean Bernoulli's Principle of Virtual Velocities. Descartes: Life. Quantity of Motion. Leibnitz: Life. Quantity of Motion. D'Alembert: Life. Quantity of Motion. Young: Life. Energy. Lagrange: Life. Principle of Virtual Velocities. Poinsot: Life. Forces and Couples. PART 2: PROPERTIES OF MATTER Galileo: Rise of Water in a Pump. Torricelli: Life. The Barometer. Pascal: Life. Experiments with the Barometer. Fluid Pressure. Von Guericke: Life. The Air Pump. Boyle: Life. Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air. Mariotte: Life. Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air. Newton: Law of Gravitation. Hooke: Life. Law of Elastic Force. Young: Modulus of Elasticity. Coulomb: Life. The Force of Torsion. Sliding Friction. Cavendish: Life. The Density of the Earth. Torricelli: Efflux of Liquids. Ampere: Molecules and Atoms. PART 3: SOUND Mersenne: Life. Musical Tones Produced by Strings. Wallis: Life. Vibrations of Parts of Strings. Sauveur: Life. Harmonics or Overtones. Helmholtz: Life. The Quality of Musical Tones. PART 4: HEAT Newton: A Scale of the Degrees of Heat. Amontons: Life. An Air-pressure Thermometer. Fahrenheit: Life. The Fahrenheit Scale. Taylor: Life. The Temperatures of Mixtures. Black: Life. Specific Heat. Latent Heat. Of Vapour and Vaporisation. Rumford: Life. Convection of Heat. Heat Produced by Friction. Davy: Life. Heat Produced by Friction. Gay-Lussac: Life. The Expansion of Gases by Heat. Free Expansion of Gases. Joule: Free Expansion of Gases. Joule and Thomson: Free Expansion of Gases. Fourier: Life. Theory of Dimensions. Dulong and Petit: Lives. Atomic Heat. Cagniard de la Tour: Life. Critical Temperature. Andrews: Life. Critical Temperature. Cailletet: Life. Liquefaction of Oxygen, etc. Pictet: Life. Liquefaction of Oxygen. Mayer: Life. The Conservation of Energy. Joule: Life. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Helmoltz: The Conservation of Energy. Carnot: Life. The Motive Power of Heat. Clausius: Life. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Entropy. Kelvin: Life. An Absolute Scale of Temperature. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. An Absolute Scale of Temperature. D. Bernoulli: Life. Kinetic Theory of Gases. Brown: Life. The Brownian Movements. Joule: The Velocity of Gaseous Molecules. Maxwell: Life. The Distribution of Molecular Velocities. Boltzmann: Life. Entropy and Probability. PART 5: LIGHT Descartes: Refraction of Light. The Rainbow. Fermat: Life. Refraction of Light. Bartholinus: Life. Double Refraction. Huygens: Huygens' Principle. Reflection of Light. Refraction of Light. Double Refraction and Polarization. Grimaldi: Life. Diffraction of Light. Newton: Dispersion of Light. The Nature of Light. Young: Interference of Light. Interference of Light. Malus: Life. Polarization by Reflection. Fresnel: Life. Diffraction of Light. Diffraction of Light. Arago and Fresnel: Life of Arago. Interference of Polarized Light. Romer: Life. The Velocity of Light. Bradley: Life. The Velocity of Light. Fizeau: Life. The Velocity of Light. Foucault: Life. The Velocity of Light. Stokes: Life. Fluorescence. Faraday: Magnetic Rotation of the Plane of Polarization. Kirchhoff: Life. The Fraunhofer Lines. Emission and Absorption. Balmer: Life. The Hydrogen Spectral Series. Rowland: Life. Plane and Concave Gratings. Michelson and Morley: Lives. The Michelson-Morley Experiment. Stefan: Life. Temperature Radiation. Christiansen: Life. Anomalous Dispersion. Kundt: Life. Anomalous Dispersion. Zeeman: Life. The Zeeman Effect. PART 6: MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY Gilbert: Life. Magnetism and Electricity. Von Guericke: Electric Attractions and Repulsions. Gray: Life. Electric Conductors and Nonconductors. Du Fay: Life. The Two Fluid Theory of Electricity. Franklin: Life. The One Fluid Theory of Electricity. The Electric Kite. Nollet: Life. The Leyden Jar. Aepinus: Life. Pyroelectricity. Coulomb: Law of Electric Force. Law of Magnetic Force. Galvani: Life. The Electric Current. Volta: Life. The Voltaic Pile. Nicholson: Life. The Decomposition of Water. Oersted: Life. The Action of Currents on Magnets. Biot and Savart: Lives. Biot and Savart's Law. Arago: Magnetization by the Current. Magnetism of Rotation. Ampere: Life. New Names. Actions between Currents. The Solenoid. Circuits and Magnetic Shells. Seebeck: Life. Thermoelectric Currents. Ohm: Life. Ohm's Law. Faraday: Life. Induced Currents. Self-induction. Static Electric Induction. Laws of Electrolysis. The Charge Resides on Surface. Specific Inductive Capacity. Diamagnetism. Physical Lines of Magnetic Force. Lenz: Life. Lenz's Law. Henry: Life. Self-induction. The Oscillatory Discharge. Gauss: Life. The Absolute Measure of Magnetic Force. Joule: Joule's Law. Maxwell: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field. Rowland: The Magnetic Effect of Electric Convection. Hall: Life. The Hall Effect. P. Curie: Piezoelectricity. Hertz: Life. Electric Radiation. Hittorf: Life. The Cathode Discharge. Crookes: Life. The Cathode Discharge. Goldstein: Life. The Canal Rays. Hallwachs: Life. Electric Discharge by Light. Perrin: Life. The Negative Charges in the Cathode Discharge. J. J. Thomson Life. The Electron. Wien: Life. The Canal Rays. Roentgen: Life. The Roentgen Rays. H. Bequerel: Life. The Radiation from Uranium. P. and M. S. Curie: Lives. Polonium. Radium Index

William Francis Magie was Professor of Physics at Princeton University.

• General Editor's Preface Author's Preface PART 1: MECHANICS Galileo: Life. Acceleration and Laws of Falling Bodies. The Pendulum. Motion of Projectiles. Stevinus: Life. The Inclined Plane. Huygens: Life. Theorems on Centrifugal Force. Newton: Life. Definitions. Axioms or Laws of Motion. Varignon: Life. Varignon's Theorem. Jean Bernoulli's Principle of Virtual Velocities. Descartes: Life. Quantity of Motion. Leibnitz: Life. Quantity of Motion. D'Alembert: Life. Quantity of Motion. Young: Life. Energy. Lagrange: Life. Principle of Virtual Velocities. Poinsot: Life. Forces and Couples. PART 2: PROPERTIES OF MATTER Galileo: Rise of Water in a Pump. Torricelli: Life. The Barometer. Pascal: Life. Experiments with the Barometer. Fluid Pressure. Von Guericke: Life. The Air Pump. Boyle: Life. Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air. Mariotte: Life. Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air. Newton: Law of Gravitation. Hooke: Life. Law of Elastic Force. Young: Modulus of Elasticity. Coulomb: Life. The Force of Torsion. Sliding Friction. Cavendish: Life. The Density of the Earth. Torricelli: Efflux of Liquids. Ampere: Molecules and Atoms. PART 3: SOUND Mersenne: Life. Musical Tones Produced by Strings. Wallis: Life. Vibrations of Parts of Strings. Sauveur: Life. Harmonics or Overtones. Helmholtz: Life. The Quality of Musical Tones. PART 4: HEAT Newton: A Scale of the Degrees of Heat. Amontons: Life. An Air-pressure Thermometer. Fahrenheit: Life. The Fahrenheit Scale. Taylor: Life. The Temperatures of Mixtures. Black: Life. Specific Heat. Latent Heat. Of Vapour and Vaporisation. Rumford: Life. Convection of Heat. Heat Produced by Friction. Davy: Life. Heat Produced by Friction. Gay-Lussac: Life. The Expansion of Gases by Heat. Free Expansion of Gases. Joule: Free Expansion of Gases. Joule and Thomson: Free Expansion of Gases. Fourier: Life. Theory of Dimensions. Dulong and Petit: Lives. Atomic Heat. Cagniard de la Tour: Life. Critical Temperature. Andrews: Life. Critical Temperature. Cailletet: Life. Liquefaction of Oxygen, etc. Pictet: Life. Liquefaction of Oxygen. Mayer: Life. The Conservation of Energy. Joule: Life. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Helmoltz: The Conservation of Energy. Carnot: Life. The Motive Power of Heat. Clausius: Life. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Entropy. Kelvin: Life. An Absolute Scale of Temperature. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. An Absolute Scale of Temperature. D. Bernoulli: Life. Kinetic Theory of Gases. Brown: Life. The Brownian Movements. Joule: The Velocity of Gaseous Molecules. Maxwell: Life. The Distribution of Molecular Velocities. Boltzmann: Life. Entropy and Probability. PART 5: LIGHT Descartes: Refraction of Light. The Rainbow. Fermat: Life. Refraction of Light. Bartholinus: Life. Double Refraction. Huygens: Huygens' Principle. Reflection of Light. Refraction of Light. Double Refraction and Polarization. Grimaldi: Life. Diffraction of Light. Newton: Dispersion of Light. The Nature of Light. Young: Interference of Light. Interference of Light. Malus: Life. Polarization by Reflection. Fresnel: Life. Diffraction of Light. Diffraction of Light. Arago and Fresnel: Life of Arago. Interference of Polarized Light. Romer: Life. The Velocity of Light. Bradley: Life. The Velocity of Light. Fizeau: Life. The Velocity of Light. Foucault: Life. The Velocity of Light. Stokes: Life. Fluorescence. Faraday: Magnetic Rotation of the Plane of Polarization. Kirchhoff: Life. The Fraunhofer Lines. Emission and Absorption. Balmer: Life. The Hydrogen Spectral Series. Rowland: Life. Plane and Concave Gratings. Michelson and Morley: Lives. The Michelson-Morley Experiment. Stefan: Life. Temperature Radiation. Christiansen: Life. Anomalous Dispersion. Kundt: Life. Anomalous Dispersion. Zeeman: Life. The Zeeman Effect. PART 6: MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY Gilbert: Life. Magnetism and Electricity. Von Guericke: Electric Attractions and Repulsions. Gray: Life. Electric Conductors and Nonconductors. Du Fay: Life. The Two Fluid Theory of Electricity. Franklin: Life. The One Fluid Theory of Electricity. The Electric Kite. Nollet: Life. The Leyden Jar. Aepinus: Life. Pyroelectricity. Coulomb: Law of Electric Force. Law of Magnetic Force. Galvani: Life. The Electric Current. Volta: Life. The Voltaic Pile. Nicholson: Life. The Decomposition of Water. Oersted: Life. The Action of Currents on Magnets. Biot and Savart: Lives. Biot and Savart's Law. Arago: Magnetization by the Current. Magnetism of Rotation. Ampere: Life. New Names. Actions between Currents. The Solenoid. Circuits and Magnetic Shells. Seebeck: Life. Thermoelectric Currents. Ohm: Life. Ohm's Law. Faraday: Life. Induced Currents. Self-induction. Static Electric Induction. Laws of Electrolysis. The Charge Resides on Surface. Specific Inductive Capacity. Diamagnetism. Physical Lines of Magnetic Force. Lenz: Life. Lenz's Law. Henry: Life. Self-induction. The Oscillatory Discharge. Gauss: Life. The Absolute Measure of Magnetic Force. Joule: Joule's Law. Maxwell: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field. Rowland: The Magnetic Effect of Electric Convection. Hall: Life. The Hall Effect. P. Curie: Piezoelectricity. Hertz: Life. Electric Radiation. Hittorf: Life. The Cathode Discharge. Crookes: Life. The Cathode Discharge. Goldstein: Life. The Canal Rays. Hallwachs: Life. Electric Discharge by Light. Perrin: Life. The Negative Charges in the Cathode Discharge. J. J. Thomson Life. The Electron. Wien: Life. The Canal Rays. Roentgen: Life. The Roentgen Rays. H. Bequerel: Life. The Radiation from Uranium. P. and M. S. Curie: Lives. Polonium. Radium Index

William Francis Magie was Professor of Physics at Princeton University.

• General Editor's Preface Author's Preface PART 1: MECHANICS Galileo: Life. Acceleration and Laws of Falling Bodies. The Pendulum. Motion of Projectiles. Stevinus: Life. The Inclined Plane. Huygens: Life. Theorems on Centrifugal Force. Newton: Life. Definitions. Axioms or Laws of Motion. Varignon: Life. Varignon's Theorem. Jean Bernoulli's Principle of Virtual Velocities. Descartes: Life. Quantity of Motion. Leibnitz: Life. Quantity of Motion. D'Alembert: Life. Quantity of Motion. Young: Life. Energy. Lagrange: Life. Principle of Virtual Velocities. Poinsot: Life. Forces and Couples. PART 2: PROPERTIES OF MATTER Galileo: Rise of Water in a Pump. Torricelli: Life. The Barometer. Pascal: Life. Experiments with the Barometer. Fluid Pressure. Von Guericke: Life. The Air Pump. Boyle: Life. Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air. Mariotte: Life. Relations of Pressure and Volume of Air. Newton: Law of Gravitation. Hooke: Life. Law of Elastic Force. Young: Modulus of Elasticity. Coulomb: Life. The Force of Torsion. Sliding Friction. Cavendish: Life. The Density of the Earth. Torricelli: Efflux of Liquids. Ampere: Molecules and Atoms. PART 3: SOUND Mersenne: Life. Musical Tones Produced by Strings. Wallis: Life. Vibrations of Parts of Strings. Sauveur: Life. Harmonics or Overtones. Helmholtz: Life. The Quality of Musical Tones. PART 4: HEAT Newton: A Scale of the Degrees of Heat. Amontons: Life. An Air-pressure Thermometer. Fahrenheit: Life. The Fahrenheit Scale. Taylor: Life. The Temperatures of Mixtures. Black: Life. Specific Heat. Latent Heat. Of Vapour and Vaporisation. Rumford: Life. Convection of Heat. Heat Produced by Friction. Davy: Life. Heat Produced by Friction. Gay-Lussac: Life. The Expansion of Gases by Heat. Free Expansion of Gases. Joule: Free Expansion of Gases. Joule and Thomson: Free Expansion of Gases. Fourier: Life. Theory of Dimensions. Dulong and Petit: Lives. Atomic Heat. Cagniard de la Tour: Life. Critical Temperature. Andrews: Life. Critical Temperature. Cailletet: Life. Liquefaction of Oxygen, etc. Pictet: Life. Liquefaction of Oxygen. Mayer: Life. The Conservation of Energy. Joule: Life. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Helmoltz: The Conservation of Energy. Carnot: Life. The Motive Power of Heat. Clausius: Life. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Entropy. Kelvin: Life. An Absolute Scale of Temperature. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. An Absolute Scale of Temperature. D. Bernoulli: Life. Kinetic Theory of Gases. Brown: Life. The Brownian Movements. Joule: The Velocity of Gaseous Molecules. Maxwell: Life. The Distribution of Molecular Velocities. Boltzmann: Life. Entropy and Probability. PART 5: LIGHT Descartes: Refraction of Light. The Rainbow. Fermat: Life. Refraction of Light. Bartholinus: Life. Double Refraction. Huygens: Huygens' Principle. Reflection of Light. Refraction of Light. Double Refraction and Polarization. Grimaldi: Life. Diffraction of Light. Newton: Dispersion of Light. The Nature of Light. Young: Interference of Light. Interference of Light. Malus: Life. Polarization by Reflection. Fresnel: Life. Diffraction of Light. Diffraction of Light. Arago and Fresnel: Life of Arago. Interference of Polarized Light. Romer: Life. The Velocity of Light. Bradley: Life. The Velocity of Light. Fizeau: Life. The Velocity of Light. Foucault: Life. The Velocity of Light. Stokes: Life. Fluorescence. Faraday: Magnetic Rotation of the Plane of Polarization. Kirchhoff: Life. The Fraunhofer Lines. Emission and Absorption. Balmer: Life. The Hydrogen Spectral Series. Rowland: Life. Plane and Concave Gratings. Michelson and Morley: Lives. The Michelson-Morley Experiment. Stefan: Life. Temperature Radiation. Christiansen: Life. Anomalous Dispersion. Kundt: Life. Anomalous Dispersion. Zeeman: Life. The Zeeman Effect. PART 6: MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY Gilbert: Life. Magnetism and Electricity. Von Guericke: Electric Attractions and Repulsions. Gray: Life. Electric Conductors and Nonconductors. Du Fay: Life. The Two Fluid Theory of Electricity. Franklin: Life. The One Fluid Theory of Electricity. The Electric Kite. Nollet: Life. The Leyden Jar. Aepinus: Life. Pyroelectricity. Coulomb: Law of Electric Force. Law of Magnetic Force. Galvani: Life. The Electric Current. Volta: Life. The Voltaic Pile. Nicholson: Life. The Decomposition of Water. Oersted: Life. The Action of Currents on Magnets. Biot and Savart: Lives. Biot and Savart's Law. Arago: Magnetization by the Current. Magnetism of Rotation. Ampere: Life. New Names. Actions between Currents. The Solenoid. Circuits and Magnetic Shells. Seebeck: Life. Thermoelectric Currents. Ohm: Life. Ohm's Law. Faraday: Life. Induced Currents. Self-induction. Static Electric Induction. Laws of Electrolysis. The Charge Resides on Surface. Specific Inductive Capacity. Diamagnetism. Physical Lines of Magnetic Force. Lenz: Life. Lenz's Law. Henry: Life. Self-induction. The Oscillatory Discharge. Gauss: Life. The Absolute Measure of Magnetic Force. Joule: Joule's Law. Maxwell: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field. Rowland: The Magnetic Effect of Electric Convection. Hall: Life. The Hall Effect. P. Curie: Piezoelectricity. Hertz: Life. Electric Radiation. Hittorf: Life. The Cathode Discharge. Crookes: Life. The Cathode Discharge. Goldstein: Life. The Canal Rays. Hallwachs: Life. Electric Discharge by Light. Perrin: Life. The Negative Charges in the Cathode Discharge. J. J. Thomson Life. The Electron. Wien: Life. The Canal Rays. Roentgen: Life. The Roentgen Rays. H. Bequerel: Life. The Radiation from Uranium. P. and M. S. Curie: Lives. Polonium. Radium Index