Florin Nicolae Ardelean (Babeș-Bolyai University) is a historian of early modern military and social history. His main research subject is the military organisation of the Principality of Transylvania (1541-1690) with an emphasis on the social impact of warfare and the circulation of military knowledge and technology in East-Central Europe. He is the author and editor of several monographs and collective volumes, including From Medieval Frontiers to Early Modern Borders in Central and South-Eastern Europe (2022) and The Army of Transylvania (1613-1690): War and Military Organization from the "Golden Age" of the Principality to the Habsburg Conquest (2024).

• IntroductionChapter 1: The Army of the Transylvanian Principality: organization, recruitment, motivationChapter 2: Foreign soldiers in the service of Transylvanian rulers (1541-1593)Chapter 3: Giovanni Battista Castaldo and his mercenaries in Transylvania (1551-1553)Chapter 4: Transylvania and the Long Turkish War (1593-1606): the recruitment of foreign troopsChapter 5: The Golden Age of the Principality and the rise of the German mercenary (1606-1660)Chapter 6: Foreign soldiers in Transylvania during the last decades of the autonomous principality (1661-1690)Conclusion

Florin Nicolae Ardelean (Babeș-Bolyai University) is a historian of early modern military and social history. His main research subject is the military organisation of the Principality of Transylvania (1541-1690) with an emphasis on the social impact of warfare and the circulation of military knowledge and technology in East-Central Europe. He is the author and editor of several monographs and collective volumes, including From Medieval Frontiers to Early Modern Borders in Central and South-Eastern Europe (2022) and The Army of Transylvania (1613-1690): War and Military Organization from the "Golden Age" of the Principality to the Habsburg Conquest (2024).

• IntroductionChapter 1: The Army of the Transylvanian Principality: organization, recruitment, motivationChapter 2: Foreign soldiers in the service of Transylvanian rulers (1541-1593)Chapter 3: Giovanni Battista Castaldo and his mercenaries in Transylvania (1551-1553)Chapter 4: Transylvania and the Long Turkish War (1593-1606): the recruitment of foreign troopsChapter 5: The Golden Age of the Principality and the rise of the German mercenary (1606-1660)Chapter 6: Foreign soldiers in Transylvania during the last decades of the autonomous principality (1661-1690)Conclusion

Florin Nicolae Ardelean (Babeș-Bolyai University) is a historian of early modern military and social history. His main research subject is the military organisation of the Principality of Transylvania (1541-1690) with an emphasis on the social impact of warfare and the circulation of military knowledge and technology in East-Central Europe. He is the author and editor of several monographs and collective volumes, including From Medieval Frontiers to Early Modern Borders in Central and South-Eastern Europe (2022) and The Army of Transylvania (1613-1690): War and Military Organization from the "Golden Age" of the Principality to the Habsburg Conquest (2024).

• IntroductionChapter 1: The Army of the Transylvanian Principality: organization, recruitment, motivationChapter 2: Foreign soldiers in the service of Transylvanian rulers (1541-1593)Chapter 3: Giovanni Battista Castaldo and his mercenaries in Transylvania (1551-1553)Chapter 4: Transylvania and the Long Turkish War (1593-1606): the recruitment of foreign troopsChapter 5: The Golden Age of the Principality and the rise of the German mercenary (1606-1660)Chapter 6: Foreign soldiers in Transylvania during the last decades of the autonomous principality (1661-1690)Conclusion