Routledge Handbook of Polar Law

Yoshifumi Tanaka is Professor of International Law, with specific focus on the law of the sea, at the Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen. He is a member of the Centre for Private Governance (CEPRI) and the Research Group SHOC (Shipping and Ocean Law). He holds a DES and a PhD from the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva (currently the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva) and a LLM from Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo. He is the single author of five books: Predictability and Flexibility in the Law of Maritime Delimitation (Hart Publishing 2006; 2nd edn 2019), A Dual Approach to Ocean Governance: The Cases of Zonal and Integrated Management in International Law of the Sea (Ashgate 2008), The International Law of the Sea (1st edition, Cambridge University Press 2012; 3rd edn 2019; 4th edn forthcoming), The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes (Cambridge University Press 2018) and The South China Sea Arbitration: Toward an International Legal Order in the Oceans (Hart Publishing, 2019). He has published widely in the fields of the law of the sea, international environmental law and peaceful settlement of international disputes.Rachael Lorna Johnstone is professor of law at the University of Akureyri, Iceland and professor of law at Ilisimatusarfik (University of Greenland). Rachael Johnstone grew up on the north coast of Scotland before studying law at the University of Glasgow, European Academy of Legal Theory in Brussels, and the University of Toronto. Her legal education is of the western model, a mix of common law and civil law traditions. It is to her discredit that despite studying for eight years in three countries with colonial histories, she graduated from each of them with very little knowledge of colonialism or Indigenous law. She took up a teaching post at the University of Akureyri, Iceland in 2003 where she has since been based. In 2011, she enrolled in the university’s masters programme in Polar law and began to specialise increasingly in that field. Rachael has also taught and conducted research in various capacities at Ilisimatusarfik (the University of Greenland) since 2011 and she has learned a great deal from Inuit scholars, not least her Greenlandic students. In the past decade, she has turned her attention increasingly to the rights of Indigenous Peoples amid broader questions of decolonisation of international law. This entails conscious ‘unlearning’ of many of the assumptions of and about international law that constrained her earlier research. She does not presume to speak on behalf of Indigenous Peoples or present an Indigenous viewpoint.Vibe Ulfbeck is a professor of private law with a special focus on maritime law at the Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen. She is the director of CEPRI, Centre for Private Governance, Head of the Research Group SHOC (Shipping and Ocean Law) and founder of the Sustainability Hub at the Law Faculty. She has written extensively on contract law, tort law and maritime law issues and takes a special interest in the role of private actors in carrying out public interest tasks. She is the author of a number of articles concerning the exploitation of minerals in the Arctic and the co-editor of the books Responsibilities and Liabilities for Commercial Activity in the Arctic - The Example of Greenland (Routledge 2016), Law and Responsible Supply Chain Management – Contract and Tort, Interplay and Overlap (Routledge 2019) and Maritime Organisation, Management and Liability – A Legal Analysis of New Challenges in the Maritime Industry (Hart 2021).

• List of mapsList of contributorsAcknowledgements 1. Polar Law as Burgeoning Discipline Rachael Johnstone, Yoshifumi Tanaka, and Vibe Ulfbeck Part One: International Legal Order in the Polar RegionsSection A. Legal Regimes governing the Polar Regions2. Polar Legal System Yoshifumi Tanaka, Rachael Johnstone, and Vibe Ulfbeck 3. Territorial Claims to AntarcticaPatrizia Vigni 4. Challenges Relating to Baselines in Polar RegionsSuzanne Lalonde and Clive Schofield5. Maritime Boundary Delimitation in the Polar RegionsBjarni Már Magnússon and Snjólaug Árnadóttir6. The Jurisdiction of Coastal States in Ice-Covered WatersSuzanne Lalonde and Ted L McDorman7. Navigational Rights and Freedoms in the Polar RegionsErik Franckx8. Scientific Research in the Polar RegionsBetsy Baker 9. The Changing Maritime Security Landscape in the Polar Regions Sophia Galani10. International Dispute Settlement and the Polar RegionsDonald R Rothwell Section B. Environmental Protection of the Polar Regions11. Two Models on Environmental Protection of the Polar Regions Yoshifumi Tanaka12. Environmental Impact Assessment in the Polar Regions Romain Chuffart and Julia Jabour13. Climate Change and Polar RegionsTim Stephens 14. Protection of Biological Diversity in the Polar Regions by Marine Protected AreasIngvild Ulrikke Jakobsen15. Wilderness Protection in the Polar RegionsAntje NeumannSection C. Polar Resource Management16. Regulation of Fisheries in Polar Regions Rosemary Rayfuse 17. Marine Mammals in the Polar RegionsMalgosia Fitzmaurice and Rob C Steenkamp 18. International Regulation of Mineral Resources Activities in the Polar Regions Alan D Hemmings and Timo KoivurovaPart Two: Regional Issue of International Institutions and ActorsSection A. Institutional Approach to the Polar Governance19. The IMO and Outstanding Maritime Safety and Environmental Issues under the Polar CodeMarel Katsivela 20. The International Seabed Authority and the Polar RegionsEdwin Egede21. The Arctic Council and its "Legislative" Activities Natalia Loukacheva22. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings as a Forum of Law-MakingLuis Valentín Ferrada Section B. Rights of Indigenous Peoples 23. Colonisation at the Poles, Incomplete Decolonisation and the Creation of Indigenous Peoples Rachael Lorna Johnstone24. Indigenous Rights and Human rights Paul Patton25. The Girjas Saami Case: Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Dispose Freely of Natural ResourcesJan Mikael Lundmark26. Natural Resource Development in the Arctic and the Question of Sami Land Rights in FinlandJuha Joona and Tanja JoonaSection C. Special Issues27. The Evolving Constitution of GreenlandHelle Kunke, Natuk Lund Olsen, Manasse Lars Mikaelsen and Sune Klinge28. SvalbardTore Henriksen 29. Japan and the Polar Region Kentaro Nishimoto 30. China and the Polar RegionNengye Liu, Sanna Kopra and Jiliang ChenPart Three: Private Governance in the Polar Legal System Section A. Natural resources31. Mineral Exploitation Licences in Greenland. The Modification IssueRasmus Grønved Nielsen and Vibe Ulfbeck32. Sustainable development in contract law. Greenland Impact Benefit Agreements (IBAs)Lone Wandahl Mouyal 33. Meaningful stakeholder consultation and social impact assessmentKarin Buhmann 34. Corporate Governance and Native Alaskan Corporations Grant Christensen35. Mutually Agreed Terms, Arctic Genetic Resources and Private International LawDavid Leary36. China’s Investment treaties with the Arctic States: time for revision?Maxim UsyninSection B. Shipping in the Polar regions37. Charterparty Contracts and Clauses for Arctic Shipping Richard L. Kilpatrick38. Oil Pollution Liability for Polar ShippingErik Røsæg 39. Polar cruise ship tourism and liability for injuries of passengers and workers – are they in the same boat?Vibe Ulfbeck and Marlene Louise Buch Andersen40. Shipping, Insurance and the Polar CodeTrine-Lise Wilhemsson and Hans Jacob Bull