Paula Richman is William H. Danforth Professor of South Asian Religions at Oberlin College. She is editor of Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia and Questioning Ramayanas, a South Asian Tradition.

• ContentsPreface: On Compiling Ramayana Stories in Modern South Indian LanguagesAcknowledgmentsNote on Transliteration and TranslationIntroduction: Whose Ramayana Is It?Part 1. Sita in ContextIntroduction1. Asking Sita: The Questions Return, by Vijaya DabbeTranslated from Kannada by Shashi Deshpande and Pratibha Nandakumar2. Sartorial Dilemmas: Letters from Lady Sita, by KumudiniTranslated from Tamil by Paula Richman3. A Mother-in-Law's Support: Sita Locked Out, a women's folksongTranslated from Telugu by Velcheru Narayana Rao4. Sita's Powers: Do You Accept My Truth, My Lord? a women's folksongTranslated from Kannada by Leela Prasad5. Talking Back: Sita Enters the Fire, by Gudipati Venkata ChalamTranslated from Telugu by Sailaza Easwari Pal6. The Pensive Queen: Sita Immersed in Reflection, by Kumaran AsanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan Raj7. Choosing Music: Forest (excerpt), by AmbaiTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom8. Forest of Possibilities: Reunion, by VolgaTranslated from Telugu by Krishna Rao Maddipati9. Union with Nature: Prakriti and Sovereignty in Aravindan's Kanchana SitaFilm analysis by Usha Zacharias10. Struggling with an Ideal: In the Shadow of Sita, by Lalitha LeninTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajPart 2. Stigmatized CharactersIntroduction11. Transforming a Brahmin: Shudra Tapasvi (excerpt), by Kuppalli Venkata PuttappaTranslated from Kannada by Girish Karnad and K. Marulasiddappa12. Shambuka's Story Anew: Basavalingaiah Re-presents Shudra TapasviPerformance essay by Paula Richman13. Ahalya Later: Woman of Stone, by K. B. SreedeviTranslated from Malayalam by Gita Krishnankutty14. Consequences of a Misdeed: Deliverance from the Curse, by PudumaippittanTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom15. The Nature of Stone: Ahalya, by S. SivasekaramTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom16. Domestic Abuse and the Neurologist: Ahalya, by N. S. MadhavanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajPart 3. So-called DemonsIntroduction17. Gender Reversal: The Horns of the Horse, by C. Subramania BharatiTranslated from Tamil by Paula Richman18. Male Rivalry and Women: Shurpanakha's Sorrow, by KavanasarmaTranslated from Telugu by Alladi Uma and M. Sridhar19. Marriage Offers: Mappila Ramayana of Hassankutty ("the Mad"), collected by M. N. Karassery from T. H. Kunhiraman NambiarTranslated from Malayalam by [John] Rich[ardson] Freeman20. Sita Creates Ravana: Portrait Ramayana (excerpt), by H. S. Venkatesha MurthyTranslated from Kannada by Manu Shetty21. Ravana's Letter from Heaven: Come Unto Me, Janaki, by K. SatchidanandanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajEpilogue: Meta-narrative22. Everyone Has Anxieties: Lakshmana's Laugh, a women's folksongTranslated from Telugu by Velcheru Narayana RaoGlossaryBibliographyList of ContributorsIndex

"One finds no greater epic narrative in Asia than the Ramayana, the story of Prince Rama's marriage to Sita, their 14-year exile, and his mighty conquest of the ten-headed demon Ravana. This epic traveled from northern India throughout the subcontinent and over the spice route and Silk Road, and still influences literatures and arts throughout Asia. In focusing on South India, Richman (South Asian religions, Oberlin College explores patterns among modern retellings of the epic over the past 100 years in the four major languages of that region: Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam. The anthology includes short stories, poetry, songs, poems, and plays foregrounding Rama's lovely wife Sita in various contexts; formerly marginalized or stigmatized characters, including some irascible ascetics; and the escapades of several extraordinary demons who inhabit this miraculous tale. By focusing on these three facets, Richman hopes to show, as she writes in her introduction, "how retellings of the story of Rama and Sita play a vital role in Indian life today and reveal yet another facet of the gem we call Ramayana tradition." Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty interested in South Asian literature and religion. —Choice"—T. S. Yamada, California State University, Long Beach, March 2009"On the surface. . . it might appear challenging for an anthology of Ramayana Stories in Modern South India to tell us something new about the epic. This is, however, precisely what Paula Richman has been able to do through this lively and engaging volume. . . . The translations . . . are lucid and of consistently high quality. . . . The utility of this book for active undergraduate learning cannot be overstated. August, 2011"—H-Asia". . . Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty interested in South Asian literature and religion. March 2009"—Choice"A refreshing addition to the scholarly and literary works in Indic studies. . . . The organization of the book successfully fulfills the needs of all who are interested in learning more about Indian society, its literature and culture, and about Ramayana. One does not need to be familiar with Ramayana or Ramkatha to appreciate this book. . . . Richman's work is an excellent study with a rich selection of writings and viewpoints on the ancient epic Ramayana. All of the works featured in the book are thought provoking and reach out to readers and scholars in a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to the fields of folklore, anthropology, women's studies, comparative literature, film, and theater.February 16, 2010"—Journal of Folklore Research"This collection makes a unique contribution to scholarship on Indian literature. It is clearly organized around provocative themes that are not the usual focus of Ramayana studies, illuminating not only the 'text' of the Ramayana, but aspects of South Indian history and culture as well."—Elaine Craddock, Southwestern University

Paula Richman is William H. Danforth Professor of South Asian Religions at Oberlin College. She is editor of Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia and Questioning Ramayanas, a South Asian Tradition.

• ContentsPreface: On Compiling Ramayana Stories in Modern South Indian LanguagesAcknowledgmentsNote on Transliteration and TranslationIntroduction: Whose Ramayana Is It?Part 1. Sita in ContextIntroduction1. Asking Sita: The Questions Return, by Vijaya DabbeTranslated from Kannada by Shashi Deshpande and Pratibha Nandakumar2. Sartorial Dilemmas: Letters from Lady Sita, by KumudiniTranslated from Tamil by Paula Richman3. A Mother-in-Law's Support: Sita Locked Out, a women's folksongTranslated from Telugu by Velcheru Narayana Rao4. Sita's Powers: Do You Accept My Truth, My Lord? a women's folksongTranslated from Kannada by Leela Prasad5. Talking Back: Sita Enters the Fire, by Gudipati Venkata ChalamTranslated from Telugu by Sailaza Easwari Pal6. The Pensive Queen: Sita Immersed in Reflection, by Kumaran AsanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan Raj7. Choosing Music: Forest (excerpt), by AmbaiTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom8. Forest of Possibilities: Reunion, by VolgaTranslated from Telugu by Krishna Rao Maddipati9. Union with Nature: Prakriti and Sovereignty in Aravindan's Kanchana SitaFilm analysis by Usha Zacharias10. Struggling with an Ideal: In the Shadow of Sita, by Lalitha LeninTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajPart 2. Stigmatized CharactersIntroduction11. Transforming a Brahmin: Shudra Tapasvi (excerpt), by Kuppalli Venkata PuttappaTranslated from Kannada by Girish Karnad and K. Marulasiddappa12. Shambuka's Story Anew: Basavalingaiah Re-presents Shudra TapasviPerformance essay by Paula Richman13. Ahalya Later: Woman of Stone, by K. B. SreedeviTranslated from Malayalam by Gita Krishnankutty14. Consequences of a Misdeed: Deliverance from the Curse, by PudumaippittanTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom15. The Nature of Stone: Ahalya, by S. SivasekaramTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom16. Domestic Abuse and the Neurologist: Ahalya, by N. S. MadhavanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajPart 3. So-called DemonsIntroduction17. Gender Reversal: The Horns of the Horse, by C. Subramania BharatiTranslated from Tamil by Paula Richman18. Male Rivalry and Women: Shurpanakha's Sorrow, by KavanasarmaTranslated from Telugu by Alladi Uma and M. Sridhar19. Marriage Offers: Mappila Ramayana of Hassankutty ("the Mad"), collected by M. N. Karassery from T. H. Kunhiraman NambiarTranslated from Malayalam by [John] Rich[ardson] Freeman20. Sita Creates Ravana: Portrait Ramayana (excerpt), by H. S. Venkatesha MurthyTranslated from Kannada by Manu Shetty21. Ravana's Letter from Heaven: Come Unto Me, Janaki, by K. SatchidanandanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajEpilogue: Meta-narrative22. Everyone Has Anxieties: Lakshmana's Laugh, a women's folksongTranslated from Telugu by Velcheru Narayana RaoGlossaryBibliographyList of ContributorsIndex

"One finds no greater epic narrative in Asia than the Ramayana, the story of Prince Rama's marriage to Sita, their 14-year exile, and his mighty conquest of the ten-headed demon Ravana. This epic traveled from northern India throughout the subcontinent and over the spice route and Silk Road, and still influences literatures and arts throughout Asia. In focusing on South India, Richman (South Asian religions, Oberlin College explores patterns among modern retellings of the epic over the past 100 years in the four major languages of that region: Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam. The anthology includes short stories, poetry, songs, poems, and plays foregrounding Rama's lovely wife Sita in various contexts; formerly marginalized or stigmatized characters, including some irascible ascetics; and the escapades of several extraordinary demons who inhabit this miraculous tale. By focusing on these three facets, Richman hopes to show, as she writes in her introduction, "how retellings of the story of Rama and Sita play a vital role in Indian life today and reveal yet another facet of the gem we call Ramayana tradition." Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty interested in South Asian literature and religion. —Choice"—T. S. Yamada, California State University, Long Beach, March 2009"On the surface. . . it might appear challenging for an anthology of Ramayana Stories in Modern South India to tell us something new about the epic. This is, however, precisely what Paula Richman has been able to do through this lively and engaging volume. . . . The translations . . . are lucid and of consistently high quality. . . . The utility of this book for active undergraduate learning cannot be overstated. August, 2011"—H-Asia". . . Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty interested in South Asian literature and religion. March 2009"—Choice"A refreshing addition to the scholarly and literary works in Indic studies. . . . The organization of the book successfully fulfills the needs of all who are interested in learning more about Indian society, its literature and culture, and about Ramayana. One does not need to be familiar with Ramayana or Ramkatha to appreciate this book. . . . Richman's work is an excellent study with a rich selection of writings and viewpoints on the ancient epic Ramayana. All of the works featured in the book are thought provoking and reach out to readers and scholars in a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to the fields of folklore, anthropology, women's studies, comparative literature, film, and theater.February 16, 2010"—Journal of Folklore Research"This collection makes a unique contribution to scholarship on Indian literature. It is clearly organized around provocative themes that are not the usual focus of Ramayana studies, illuminating not only the 'text' of the Ramayana, but aspects of South Indian history and culture as well."—Elaine Craddock, Southwestern University

Paula Richman is William H. Danforth Professor of South Asian Religions at Oberlin College. She is editor of Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia and Questioning Ramayanas, a South Asian Tradition.

• ContentsPreface: On Compiling Ramayana Stories in Modern South Indian LanguagesAcknowledgmentsNote on Transliteration and TranslationIntroduction: Whose Ramayana Is It?Part 1. Sita in ContextIntroduction1. Asking Sita: The Questions Return, by Vijaya DabbeTranslated from Kannada by Shashi Deshpande and Pratibha Nandakumar2. Sartorial Dilemmas: Letters from Lady Sita, by KumudiniTranslated from Tamil by Paula Richman3. A Mother-in-Law's Support: Sita Locked Out, a women's folksongTranslated from Telugu by Velcheru Narayana Rao4. Sita's Powers: Do You Accept My Truth, My Lord? a women's folksongTranslated from Kannada by Leela Prasad5. Talking Back: Sita Enters the Fire, by Gudipati Venkata ChalamTranslated from Telugu by Sailaza Easwari Pal6. The Pensive Queen: Sita Immersed in Reflection, by Kumaran AsanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan Raj7. Choosing Music: Forest (excerpt), by AmbaiTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom8. Forest of Possibilities: Reunion, by VolgaTranslated from Telugu by Krishna Rao Maddipati9. Union with Nature: Prakriti and Sovereignty in Aravindan's Kanchana SitaFilm analysis by Usha Zacharias10. Struggling with an Ideal: In the Shadow of Sita, by Lalitha LeninTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajPart 2. Stigmatized CharactersIntroduction11. Transforming a Brahmin: Shudra Tapasvi (excerpt), by Kuppalli Venkata PuttappaTranslated from Kannada by Girish Karnad and K. Marulasiddappa12. Shambuka's Story Anew: Basavalingaiah Re-presents Shudra TapasviPerformance essay by Paula Richman13. Ahalya Later: Woman of Stone, by K. B. SreedeviTranslated from Malayalam by Gita Krishnankutty14. Consequences of a Misdeed: Deliverance from the Curse, by PudumaippittanTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom15. The Nature of Stone: Ahalya, by S. SivasekaramTranslated from Tamil by Lakshmi Holmstrom16. Domestic Abuse and the Neurologist: Ahalya, by N. S. MadhavanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajPart 3. So-called DemonsIntroduction17. Gender Reversal: The Horns of the Horse, by C. Subramania BharatiTranslated from Tamil by Paula Richman18. Male Rivalry and Women: Shurpanakha's Sorrow, by KavanasarmaTranslated from Telugu by Alladi Uma and M. Sridhar19. Marriage Offers: Mappila Ramayana of Hassankutty ("the Mad"), collected by M. N. Karassery from T. H. Kunhiraman NambiarTranslated from Malayalam by [John] Rich[ardson] Freeman20. Sita Creates Ravana: Portrait Ramayana (excerpt), by H. S. Venkatesha MurthyTranslated from Kannada by Manu Shetty21. Ravana's Letter from Heaven: Come Unto Me, Janaki, by K. SatchidanandanTranslated from Malayalam by Rizio Yohannan RajEpilogue: Meta-narrative22. Everyone Has Anxieties: Lakshmana's Laugh, a women's folksongTranslated from Telugu by Velcheru Narayana RaoGlossaryBibliographyList of ContributorsIndex

"One finds no greater epic narrative in Asia than the Ramayana, the story of Prince Rama's marriage to Sita, their 14-year exile, and his mighty conquest of the ten-headed demon Ravana. This epic traveled from northern India throughout the subcontinent and over the spice route and Silk Road, and still influences literatures and arts throughout Asia. In focusing on South India, Richman (South Asian religions, Oberlin College explores patterns among modern retellings of the epic over the past 100 years in the four major languages of that region: Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam. The anthology includes short stories, poetry, songs, poems, and plays foregrounding Rama's lovely wife Sita in various contexts; formerly marginalized or stigmatized characters, including some irascible ascetics; and the escapades of several extraordinary demons who inhabit this miraculous tale. By focusing on these three facets, Richman hopes to show, as she writes in her introduction, "how retellings of the story of Rama and Sita play a vital role in Indian life today and reveal yet another facet of the gem we call Ramayana tradition." Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty interested in South Asian literature and religion. —Choice"—T. S. Yamada, California State University, Long Beach, March 2009"On the surface. . . it might appear challenging for an anthology of Ramayana Stories in Modern South India to tell us something new about the epic. This is, however, precisely what Paula Richman has been able to do through this lively and engaging volume. . . . The translations . . . are lucid and of consistently high quality. . . . The utility of this book for active undergraduate learning cannot be overstated. August, 2011"—H-Asia". . . Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty interested in South Asian literature and religion. March 2009"—Choice"A refreshing addition to the scholarly and literary works in Indic studies. . . . The organization of the book successfully fulfills the needs of all who are interested in learning more about Indian society, its literature and culture, and about Ramayana. One does not need to be familiar with Ramayana or Ramkatha to appreciate this book. . . . Richman's work is an excellent study with a rich selection of writings and viewpoints on the ancient epic Ramayana. All of the works featured in the book are thought provoking and reach out to readers and scholars in a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to the fields of folklore, anthropology, women's studies, comparative literature, film, and theater.February 16, 2010"—Journal of Folklore Research"This collection makes a unique contribution to scholarship on Indian literature. It is clearly organized around provocative themes that are not the usual focus of Ramayana studies, illuminating not only the 'text' of the Ramayana, but aspects of South Indian history and culture as well."—Elaine Craddock, Southwestern University