DEIRDRE MAYER DOUGHERTY is a visiting assistant professor of educational studies at Knox College. She is the coauthor of The Fertile Ground of School Integration: A Counter-Story to Segregated and Unequal Education (forthcoming).

• ContentsIntroduction: Race, Place, and TruthPart I: Spectral Spaces: Schooling Pre-Brown 1632-19501 “The Party of Memory and the Party of Hope”: Contradiction in Black and White2: Public Schooling in Maryland before BrownPart II: A Policy of Nostalgia (1954-1968)3: Thomas Pullen and Gradual Adjustment4: William Schmidt and The Freedom of Unequal Choices, 1960-1968Part III: Mythologizing the Neighborhood5: White Suburbanization and School Construction in Belair at Bowie, 1920-19656: Black Suburbanization: School Closure and Urban Renewal in Fairmount Heights, 1920-1968Part IV: Moralizing Space and Race7: The Moral Geography of Busing, 19728: Discipline, Danger, and Desegregation, 1973Conclusion: “…cleaner, whiter, richer, safer than where you are”AcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndexIntroduction: Race, Place, and Truth 1Part I Spectral Spaces: Schooling Pre-Brown(1632–1950)1 “The Party of Memory and the Party of Hope”:Contradiction in Black and White 212 Public Schooling in Marylandbefore Brown 28Part II A Policy of Nostalgia (1954–1968)3 Thomas Pullen and Gradual Adjustment 454 William Schmidt and the Freedom of UnequalChoices, 1960–1968 58Part III Mythologizing the Neighborhood5 White Suburbanization and School Construction in Belairat Bowie, 1920–1965 716 Black Suburbanization: School Closure and Urban Renewalin Fairmount Heights, 1920–1968 92Part IV Moralizing Space and Race7 The Moral Geography of Busing, 1972 1198 Discipline, Danger, and Desegregation, 1973 132Conclusion: “. . . cleaner, whiter, richer, safer than where you are” 146Acknowledgments151Notes 155Index 000

"With sophistication, subtlety, and ringing moral clarity, Dougherty explains how the language of community has concealed violence and discrimination against Black Americans. Race and Place will make you rethink the measure and meaning of racial desegregation in America’s suburbs." - Campbell F. Scribner (author of The Fight for Local Control: Schools, Suburbs, and American Democracy) "Deirdre Mayer Dougherty offers a theoretically innovative, historically sound, and interdisciplinarily rich interrogation of the history of school desegregation in one of the most lauded Black suburbs of the twentieth century. Centering the agency and activism of Black citizens and critical notions of schools and communities as sites of belonging, this account delineates how leaders and residents confronted educational policy and opportunity." - Michelle A. Purdy (author of Transforming the Elite: Black Students and the Desegregation of Private Schools)

DEIRDRE MAYER DOUGHERTY is a visiting assistant professor of educational studies at Knox College. She is the coauthor of The Fertile Ground of School Integration: A Counter-Story to Segregated and Unequal Education (forthcoming).

• ContentsIntroduction: Race, Place, and TruthPart I: Spectral Spaces: Schooling Pre-Brown 1632-19501 “The Party of Memory and the Party of Hope”: Contradiction in Black and White2: Public Schooling in Maryland before BrownPart II: A Policy of Nostalgia (1954-1968)3: Thomas Pullen and Gradual Adjustment4: William Schmidt and The Freedom of Unequal Choices, 1960-1968Part III: Mythologizing the Neighborhood5: White Suburbanization and School Construction in Belair at Bowie, 1920-19656: Black Suburbanization: School Closure and Urban Renewal in Fairmount Heights, 1920-1968Part IV: Moralizing Space and Race7: The Moral Geography of Busing, 19728: Discipline, Danger, and Desegregation, 1973Conclusion: “…cleaner, whiter, richer, safer than where you are”AcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndexIntroduction: Race, Place, and Truth 1Part I Spectral Spaces: Schooling Pre-Brown(1632–1950)1 “The Party of Memory and the Party of Hope”:Contradiction in Black and White 212 Public Schooling in Marylandbefore Brown 28Part II A Policy of Nostalgia (1954–1968)3 Thomas Pullen and Gradual Adjustment 454 William Schmidt and the Freedom of UnequalChoices, 1960–1968 58Part III Mythologizing the Neighborhood5 White Suburbanization and School Construction in Belairat Bowie, 1920–1965 716 Black Suburbanization: School Closure and Urban Renewalin Fairmount Heights, 1920–1968 92Part IV Moralizing Space and Race7 The Moral Geography of Busing, 1972 1198 Discipline, Danger, and Desegregation, 1973 132Conclusion: “. . . cleaner, whiter, richer, safer than where you are” 146Acknowledgments151Notes 155Index 000

"With sophistication, subtlety, and ringing moral clarity, Dougherty explains how the language of community has concealed violence and discrimination against Black Americans. Race and Place will make you rethink the measure and meaning of racial desegregation in America’s suburbs." - Campbell F. Scribner (author of The Fight for Local Control: Schools, Suburbs, and American Democracy) "Deirdre Mayer Dougherty offers a theoretically innovative, historically sound, and interdisciplinarily rich interrogation of the history of school desegregation in one of the most lauded Black suburbs of the twentieth century. Centering the agency and activism of Black citizens and critical notions of schools and communities as sites of belonging, this account delineates how leaders and residents confronted educational policy and opportunity." - Michelle A. Purdy (author of Transforming the Elite: Black Students and the Desegregation of Private Schools)

DEIRDRE MAYER DOUGHERTY is a visiting assistant professor of educational studies at Knox College. She is the coauthor of The Fertile Ground of School Integration: A Counter-Story to Segregated and Unequal Education (forthcoming).

• ContentsIntroduction: Race, Place, and TruthPart I: Spectral Spaces: Schooling Pre-Brown 1632-19501 “The Party of Memory and the Party of Hope”: Contradiction in Black and White2: Public Schooling in Maryland before BrownPart II: A Policy of Nostalgia (1954-1968)3: Thomas Pullen and Gradual Adjustment4: William Schmidt and The Freedom of Unequal Choices, 1960-1968Part III: Mythologizing the Neighborhood5: White Suburbanization and School Construction in Belair at Bowie, 1920-19656: Black Suburbanization: School Closure and Urban Renewal in Fairmount Heights, 1920-1968Part IV: Moralizing Space and Race7: The Moral Geography of Busing, 19728: Discipline, Danger, and Desegregation, 1973Conclusion: “…cleaner, whiter, richer, safer than where you are”AcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndexIntroduction: Race, Place, and Truth 1Part I Spectral Spaces: Schooling Pre-Brown(1632–1950)1 “The Party of Memory and the Party of Hope”:Contradiction in Black and White 212 Public Schooling in Marylandbefore Brown 28Part II A Policy of Nostalgia (1954–1968)3 Thomas Pullen and Gradual Adjustment 454 William Schmidt and the Freedom of UnequalChoices, 1960–1968 58Part III Mythologizing the Neighborhood5 White Suburbanization and School Construction in Belairat Bowie, 1920–1965 716 Black Suburbanization: School Closure and Urban Renewalin Fairmount Heights, 1920–1968 92Part IV Moralizing Space and Race7 The Moral Geography of Busing, 1972 1198 Discipline, Danger, and Desegregation, 1973 132Conclusion: “. . . cleaner, whiter, richer, safer than where you are” 146Acknowledgments151Notes 155Index 000

"With sophistication, subtlety, and ringing moral clarity, Dougherty explains how the language of community has concealed violence and discrimination against Black Americans. Race and Place will make you rethink the measure and meaning of racial desegregation in America’s suburbs." - Campbell F. Scribner (author of The Fight for Local Control: Schools, Suburbs, and American Democracy) "Deirdre Mayer Dougherty offers a theoretically innovative, historically sound, and interdisciplinarily rich interrogation of the history of school desegregation in one of the most lauded Black suburbs of the twentieth century. Centering the agency and activism of Black citizens and critical notions of schools and communities as sites of belonging, this account delineates how leaders and residents confronted educational policy and opportunity." - Michelle A. Purdy (author of Transforming the Elite: Black Students and the Desegregation of Private Schools)