Promoting Equity for Multilingual Learners with Disabilities

Sara E. N. Kangas is an associate professor and director of the special education and ESL programs in the College of Education at Lehigh University.

• ContentsPreface  xiPART I: EQUITY FOUNDATIONS1.  Introduction  3Demographic Overview of MLs With Disabilities  4Inequities Experienced by MLs With Disabilities  6Audiences of the Book  7Structure and Features of the Book  7A Few Thoughts  102.  Patterned Inequities  11Pattern One: Language-or-Disability Filter  11Pattern Two: Unitary Identity  14Pattern Three: Specialization Trap  16Patterned Inequities Up Close: Disproportionality and Special Education Evaluation  18Summary  24PART II: EQUITY IN SYSTEMS3.  Organization of Services and Students  29The Organization of Services and Students: Key Research Findings  30Evidence of Patterns  33Responses to Patterned Inequities in the Organizing of Services and Students  41Summary  48Recommended Resources  484.  Individualized Plans and Teams  50The Organization of Individualized Plans and Teams: Key Research Findings  51Evidence of Patterns  54Responses to Patterned Inequities in Individualized Plans and Teams  61Summary  68Recommended Resources  685.  Teacher Education Programs and Professional Certifications  70The Organization of Teacher Education Programs and Certifications: Key Trends  72Evidence of Patterns  73Responses to Patterned Inequities in Teacher Education Programs and Certifications  77Summary  81PART III: EQUITY IN CLASSROOMS6.  High Expectations  85High Expectations: Key Research Findings  87Evidence of Patterns  89Responses to Patterned Inequities in Teacher Expectations  92Summary  97Recommended Resources  977.  Rigorous Instruction  99Rigorous Instruction: Key Research Findings  99Evidence of Patterns  104Responses to Patterned Inequities in Instruction  107Summary  117Recommended Resources  1178.  Sound Data Interpretation and Use  119Sound Interpretation and Use of Data: Key Research Findings  120Evidence of Patterns  122Responses to Patterned Inequities in Data Use and Interpretation  125Summary  129PART IV: EQUITY IN POLICIES9.  Academic Standard Policies  133Reclassification Policies: Key Research Findings  134Evidence of Patterns  137Responses to Patterned Inequities in Academic Standard Policies  143Summary  15010.  State Policy Contexts  151SEAs: Key Research Findings  152Evidence of Patterns  153Responses to Patterned Inequities in SEAs  156Summary  165Recommended Resources  166PART V: CONCLUSION11.  Pathways Forward  169Our Awareness  169Our Response  172Final Thoughts  181Notes  183References  185Index  211About the Author  225