Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Related Devices

The Role of the PN Junction

Inbunden, Engelska, 2018

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The second edition of the text that offers an introduction to the principles of solar cells and LEDs, revised and updated The revised and updated second edition of Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Related Devices offers an introduction to the physical concepts required for a comprehensive understanding of p-n junction devices, light emitting diodes and solar cells. The author – a noted expert in the field – presents information on the semiconductor and junction device fundamentals and extends it to the practical implementation of semiconductors in both photovoltaic and LED devices. In addition, the text offers information on the treatment of a range of important semiconductor materials and device structures including OLED devices and organic solar cells. This second edition contains a new chapter on the quantum mechanical description of the electron that will make the book accessible to students in any engineering discipline. The text also includes a new chapter on bipolar junction and junction field effect transistors as well as expanded chapters on solar cells and LEDs that include more detailed information on high efficiency devices. This important text: Offers an introduction to solar cells and LEDs, the two most important applications of semiconductor diodesProvides a solid theoretical basis for p-n junction devicesContains updated information and new chapters including better coverage of LED out-coupling design and performance and improvements in OLED efficiencyPresents student problems at the end of each chapter and worked example problems throughout the textWritten for students in electrical engineering, physics and materials science and researchers in the electronics industry, Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Related Devices is the updated second edition that offers a guide to the physical concepts of p-n junction devices, light emitting diodes and solar cells.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2018-10-26
Mått175 x 244 x 25 mm
Vikt953 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor416
Upplaga2
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119451020

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Adrian Kitai, PhD, is Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Physics at McMaster University (Canada). He is a world leader in electroluminescent science and technology. His research interests include solar cell materials and devices, and LED materials and devices, and he is involved in start-up companies in both solar cells and display systems using LED devices.

Introduction xiAcknowledgements xv1 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 11.1 Introduction 21.2 The Classical Electron 21.3 Two Slit Electron Experiment 41.4 The Photoelectric Effect 71.5 Wave Packets and Uncertainty 101.6 The Wavefunction 121.7 The Schrödinger Equation 141.8 The Electron in a One-Dimensional Well 181.9 Electron Transmission and Reflection at Potential Energy Step 241.10 Expectation Values 261.11 Spin 261.12 The Pauli Exclusion Principle 291.13 Summary 30Further Reading 32Problems 332 Semiconductor Physics 372.1 Introduction 382.2 The Band Theory of Solids 382.3 Bloch Functions 402.4 The Kronig–Penney Model 422.5 The Bragg Model 472.6 Effective Mass 482.7 Number of States in a Band 502.8 Band Filling 522.9 Fermi Energy and Holes 532.10 Carrier Concentration 552.11 Semiconductor Materials 652.12 Semiconductor Band Diagrams 672.13 Direct Gap and Indirect Gap Semiconductors 722.14 Extrinsic Semiconductors 742.15 Carrier Transport in Semiconductors 792.16 Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics 832.17 Carrier Diffusion and the Einstein Relation 862.18 Quasi-Fermi Energies 882.19 The Diffusion Equation 912.20 Traps and Carrier Lifetimes 942.21 Alloy Semiconductors 982.22 Summary 100References 103Further Reading 103Problems 1053 The p–n Junction Diode 1113.1 Introduction 1123.2 Diode Current 1133.3 Contact Potential 1173.4 The Depletion Approximation 1193.5 The Diode Equation 1273.6 Reverse Breakdown and the Zener Diode 1393.7 Tunnel Diodes 1413.8 Generation/Recombination Currents 1433.9 Metal–Semiconductor Junctions 1453.10 Heterojunctions 1563.11 Alternating Current (AC) and Transient Behaviour 1573.12 Summary 159Further Reading 160Problems 1614 Photon Emission and Absorption 1654.1 Introduction to Luminescence and Absorption 1664.2 Physics of Light Emission 1674.3 Simple Harmonic Radiator 1694.4 Quantum Description 1704.5 The Exciton 1744.6 Two-Electron Atoms 1764.7 Molecular Excitons 1844.8 Band-to-Band Transitions 1864.9 Photometric Units 1904.10 Summary 194References 195Further Reading 195Problems 1975 p–n Junction Solar Cells 2015.1 Introduction 2025.2 Light Absorption 2045.3 Solar Radiation 2075.4 Solar Cell Design and Analysis 2075.5 Thin Solar Cells, G = 0 2145.6 Thin Solar Cells, G > 0 2185.7 Solar Cell Generation as a Function of Depth 2205.8 Surface Recombination Reduction 2245.9 Solar Cell Efficiency 2255.10 Silicon Solar Cell Technology: Wafer Preparation 2305.11 Silicon Solar Cell Technology: Solar Cell Finishing 2335.12 Silicon Solar Cell Technology: Advanced Production Methods 2375.13 Thin-Film Solar Cells: Amorphous Silicon 2385.14 Telluride/Selenide/Sulphide Thin-Film Solar Cells 2455.15 High-efficiency Multi-junction Solar Cells 2475.16 Concentrating Solar Systems 2515.17 Summary 253References 254Further Reading 255Problems 2576 Light-Emitting Diodes 2656.1 Introduction 2666.2 LED Operation and Device Structures 2676.3 Emission Spectrum 2696.4 Non-radiative Recombination 2716.5 Optical Outcoupling 2726.6 GaAs LEDs 2756.7 GaAs1−x Px LEDs 2776.8 Double Heterojunction Alx Ga1−x As LEDs 2786.9 AlGaInP LEDs 2856.10 Ga1−xInxN LEDs 2866.11 LED Structures for Enhanced Outcoupling and High Lumen Output 2946.12 Summary 299References 300Further Reading 301Problems 3037 Organic Semiconductors, OLEDs, and Solar Cells 3077.1 Introduction to Organic Electronics 3087.2 Conjugated Systems 3097.3 Polymer OLEDs 3147.4 Small-Molecule OLEDs 3207.5 Anode Materials 3237.6 Cathode Materials 3247.7 Hole Injection Layer 3257.8 Electron Injection Layer 3267.9 Hole Transport Layer 3267.10 Electron Transport Layer 3287.11 Light-Emitting Material Processes 3307.12 Host Materials 3327.13 Fluorescent Dopants 3347.14 Phosphorescent and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dopants 3357.15 Organic Solar Cells 3407.16 Organic Solar Cell Materials 3447.17 Summary 349References 352Further Reading 352Problems 3538 Junction Transistors 3598.1 Introduction 3598.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor 3608.3 Junction Field-Effect Transistor 3678.4 BJT and JFET Symbols and Applications 3718.5 Summary 372Further Reading 373Problems 375Appendix 1: Physical Constants 377Appendix 2: Derivation of the Uncertainty Principle 379Appendix 3: Derivation of Group Velocity 383Appendix 4: The Boltzmann Distribution Function 385Appendix 5: Properties of Semiconductor Materials 391Index 392