Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention

Tanmoy Rana, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex at West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences. He specializes in veterinary clinical medicine for pets and small and large ruminants in Kolkata, India.

• Contributors xxiiiPreface xxviiAcknowledgments xxix1 Introduction 1K. Justin Davis, Sunita Choudhary, and Tanmoy Rana1.1 Introduction 11.2 Global Distribution 11.3 Advantages of Goat Rearing 11.4 Goat Milk and Products 21.5 Chevon 31.6 Fiber and Other Products 41.7 Goat Production System 41.8 Constraints in Goat Farming 41.9 Economics of Disease in Goats 41.10 Goat Diseases and Public Health 51.11 Prevention of Disease 5Multiple-Choice Questions 6References 72 Nutrition and Management of Goats 9Rohit Kumar2.1 Essential Nutrients for Goats 92.1.1 Protein 92.1.2 Carbohydrates 92.1.3 Fats 102.7 Conclusion 18Multiple-Choice Questions 18References 19Further Reading 193 Handling and Restraining of Goats 21Falguni Mridha3.1 Purposes of Handling and Restraining 213.2 Basics of Animal Behavior Associated with Handling 213.2.1 Experience of Handler 22Multiple-Choice Questions 28References 304 Clinical Findings of Diseases of Goats 33Sunita Choudhary, K. Justin Davis, G.K. Chetan Kumar, and Pratishtha Sharma4.1 Diagnosis of Skin Diseases by Clinical Findings 334.1.1 Pruritus 334.1.2 Hyperkeratosis 344.1.3 Abscesses, Nodules, Scales, and Crust 344.1.4 Alopecia 344.1.5 Pigmentary Changes 35Multiple-Choice Questions 45References 475 Collection, Preservation, Processing, and Dispatch of Clinical Material of Goats 49Gauri A. Chandratre5.1 Why Are Samples Collected? 495.2 Who Should Collect the Samples? 505.3 Sample Collection and Emergency Preparedness 505.4 Various Samples and Sample Collection Methods from Diseased Goats 50Multiple-Choice Questions 60References 616 Parasitic Diseases of Goats 63G.K. Chetan Kumar6.1 Common Trematode Diseases of Goats 636.1.1 Fasciolosis 636.1.2 Dicrocoeliosis in Goats 656.1.3 Paramphistomiasis in Goats 666.2 Common Tapeworm Diseases of Goats 67Multiple-Choice Questions 76References 777 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia Diseases of Goats 79Ranjani Rajasekaran, Hridya Susan Varughese, Padmanath Krishnan, and Panikkaparambil Shilpa7.1 Mycoplasma 797.1.1 Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 797.1.1.1 History 79Multiple-Choice Questions 91References 93Further Readings 93Mycoplasma 93Rickettsia 94Chlamydia 948 Bacterial Diseases of Goats 95Vipin Maurya8.1 Anthrax 958.1.1 Etiology 958.1.2 Clinical Features 95Multiple-Choice Questions 109References 1109 Fungal Diseases of Goats 111Pardeep Sharma and Tanmoy Rana9.1 Fundamentals of Fungal Diseases of Goats 1119.2 Dermatophytosis in the Goat: Ringworm, Tinea 1119.2.1 Etiology 1119.9 Conclusion 124Multiple-Choice Questions 124References 12510 Viral Diseases of Goats 127Abha Tikoo, Savleen Kour, and Rajesh Agrawal10.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants 12710.2 Goat Pox 12810.3 Foot and Mouth Disease 13010.4 Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis 13110.5 Rabies 132Multiple-Choice Questions 133References 13411 Transboundary, Emerging, and Exotic Diseases of Goats 137Subir Singh11.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants 13811.1.1 Etiology and Epidemiology 13911.1.2 Transmission 14011.1.3 Clinical Findings 14011.6 Conclusion 152Multiple-Choice Questions 152References 15312 Production Diseases of Goats 155Gaurav Charaya, Jasleen Kaur, Chinmoy Maji, and Tanmoy Rana12.1 Body Condition Scoring in Goats and Its Significance in Relation to Production Diseases 15512.2 Factors Affecting Nutritional Requirements in Goats 15512.3 Major Production Diseases Encountered in Goats 156Multiple-Choice Questions 163References 164Further Reading 16413 Poisoning in Goats 165Kamlesh A. Sadariya, Shailesh K. Bhavsar, and Tamanna H. Solanki13.1 Toxic Plant Poisoning 16613.1.1 Lantana camara Poisoning 16713.1.2 Cyanogenic Glycoside/Cyanide Poisoning 16813.1.3 Subabul Poisoning 16813.11 Conclusion 176Multiple-Choice Questions 177References 17814 Genetic Diseases of Goats 183Simant Kumar Nanda14.1 Congenital Abnormalities 18414.1.1 Congenital Abnormalities of Joints and the Skeleton 18414.1.2 Akabane Virus (Bunyavirus) 18414.1.3 Hereditary Chondrodysplasia (Spider Lamb Syndrome) 18514.18 Conclusion 193Multiple-Choice Questions 193References 19415 Protozoan Diseases in Goats 195Vikrant Sudan, Deepak Sumbria, and Rabjot Kour15.1 Babesiosis 19515.1.1 Life Cycle 19515.1.2 Pathogenesis 19615.1.3 Symptoms 196Multiple-Choice Questions 204References 20516 Metabolic Diseases in Goats 207Antônio C.L. Câmara and Benito Soto-Blanco16.1 Polioencephalomalacia 20716.1.1 Etiology 20716.1.2 Clinical Signs 20816.1.3 Ancillary Diagnostic Tests 208Multiple-Choice Questions 218References 21917 Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Goats 221Chinmoy Maji, Suman Biswas, and Jasleen Kaur17.1 Deficiency of Water 22117.2 Deficiency of Energy 22217.3 Deficiency of Protein 223Multiple-Choice Questions 233References 23418 Diagnostic Techniques in Goats 237Mohammad I. Yatoo, Oveas R. Parray, Rather I. Ul Haq, and Mohsina Mushtaq18.1 Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 23718.1.1 Case History 23718.1.2 Clinical Signs 23718.1.3 Physical Examination 237Multiple-Choice Questions 248References 24919 Management of Pain from Surgery and Lameness in Goats 251Joe S. Smith and Pierre-Yves Mulon19.1 Pathophysiology of Pain 25119.2 Arthritis 25119.3 Recognition of Pain 25219.4 Analgesics Available 25219.4.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 25219.4.1.1 Flunixin Meglumine 25519.4.1.2 Meloxicam 25519.4.1.3 Other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 25519.4.2 Opioids 25519.4.2.1 Morphine 25619.4.2.2 Butorphanol 25619.4.2.3 Fentanyl 25619.4.2.4 Other Opioids 25619.4.3 α 2 Adrenergic Agonists 25619.4.4 Ketamine 25719.4.5 Gabapentin 25819.5 Non-pharmacological Therapies 25819.6 Regulatory Concerns 25819.7 Strategies for Analgesia in Goats 25819.7.1 Preoperative Analgesia 25819.7.2 Epidural 25819.7.3 Regional Local Anesthesia 26019.7.4 Topical Agents 26119.8 Management of Osteoarthritis 26119.9 Future Directions 26119.10 Conclusion 262Multiple-Choice Questions 262References 26420 Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices 267Bhupamani Das, Kruti Debnath Mandal, Abhinav Suthar and Chinmoy Maji20.1 Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance 26720.1.1 Indiscriminate Use of Drugs 26720.1.2 Unchecked Antimicrobial Dosage 26820.1.3 Inadequate Diagnostics 26820.1.4 Veterinary Practitioners 26820.1.5 Poor Hygiene and Sanitation Practices 26820.1.6 Lack of Effective Preventive and Control Strategies 26920.1.7 Poor Surveillance and Monitoring 26920.2 Types of Antimicrobial Resistance 26920.2.1 Natural Resistance 26920.2.2 Acquired Resistance 26920.2.3 Side Resistance 27020.2.4 Cross-Resistance 27020.2.5 Multiple Resistance or Multiple Drug Resistance 27020.3 Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance 27020.3.1 Natural Resistance 27020.3.1.1 Permeability Barrier 27020.3.1.2 Biofilm Formation 27120.3.2 Acquired Resistance 27120.3.2.1 Vertical Gene Transfer 27120.3.2.2 Horizontal Gene Transfer 27120.4 Barriers to Effective Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance 27320.5 Present Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices 27920.6 Conclusion 279Multiple-Choice Questions 279References 28021 Prevention and Control Strategy in Combating Diseases of Goats 285Amita Tiwari, Shivangi Udainiya, and Tanmoy Rana21.1 Control of Infectious Diseases 28521.1.1 Biosecurity Measures 28521.1.2 Vaccination 28821.2 Control of Endoparasites/Internal Parasites 29021.2.1 Nematodes 29021.2.2 Cestodes 29021.2.3 Trematodes 29021.2.4 Lungworms 29121.2.5 Deworming Schedule for Goats 29121.2.6 Common Measures for Control of Endoparasites 29121.3 Control of Ectoparasites/External Parasites 29221.3.1 Ticks 29221.3.1.1 Treatment, Prevention, and Control of Ticks 29321.3.2 Lice 29321.3.2.1 Treatment and Control of Lice Infestation 29321.3.3 Mites 29321.3.3.1 Psoroptic Mange 29321.3.3.2 Sarcoptic Mange 29421.3.3.3 Demodectic Mange 29421.3.3.4 Control and Treatment Strategy for Mange Mites 29421.4 Control of Protozoal Infections 29421.4.1 Coccidiosis 29421.4.1.1 Treatment and Control of Coccidiosis 29421.4.2 Cryptosporidiosis 29521.4.3 Toxoplasmosis 29621.5 Diseases of Nutrition and Metabolism 29621.5.1 Mineral Deficiencies 29621.5.2 Vitamin Deficiencies 29621.5.3 Milk Fever 29621.5.4 Grass Tetany 29721.5.5 Ruminal Acidosis 29721.6 Poisonous Plants 29721.7 Pregnancy Toxemia 297Multiple-Choice Questions 298References 298Answers 299Index 321