GERALD BÄR is Assistant Professor at the Universidade Aberta of Portugal where he teaches online in the areas of Cutural Studies, German and Comparative Literature. He is Senior Researcher of CECC, co-editor of the Revista de Estudos Alemães in Portugal and has published widely on the motif of the "Doppelgänger" in literature and film and on the reception of Ossian.HOWARD GASKILL is Honorary Fellow in German at the University of Edinburgh. His major research interests have included Sturm und Drang, Romanticism, Scottish-German literary relations (in particular Macpherson’s Ossian), literary translation, and more recently Arthur Koestler. In 2019 his translation into English of Hölderlin’s novel Hyperion appeared with Open Book Publishers, and he is now working on a new translation of Goethe’s Werther