Oreta M. Samples, BS, RVT, MPH, DHSc, Associate Professor and Program Coordinator, Master of Public Health Program, Department of Veterinary Technology and Public Health, Fort Valley State University. George McCommon, DVM, Professor and Department Head, Department of Veterinary Technology and Public Health, Fort Valley State University. Thomas H. Terrill, BS MS, Ph.D., Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator, Master of Animal Science Program, Fort Valley State University. Lori Stose, DVM, Veterinarian, Legacy Animal Medical Center.

• List of Contributors xxviiList of Abbreviations xxixPreface xxxiAcknowledgments xxxiii1 History of One Health 1Oreta M. Samples2 An Interface Between Veterinary and Human Medicine 5Oreta M. Samples3.0 Arthropod- Borne Diseases of Public Health Concern 9Oreta M. Samples3.1 Family Cimicidae (Cimex sp.) 12Oreta M. Samples3.2 Chagas Disease 15Kingsley Kalu3.3 Tapeworms (Dipylidium caninum) 20Lori L. Stose3.4 Rabbit Fever 23Sanower Warsi, Anurag Singh, Aftab Siddique, and Thomas H. Terrill3.5 Rickettsia Species 28Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi3.6 Plague (Yersinia Pestis) 33Eric C. Enoch and Oreta M. Samples3.7 Leishmaniasis 39Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel3.8 Chiggers (Eutrombicula alfreduges/Trombidium irritans) 47Oreta M. Samples3.9 Red Bird Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) 51Oreta M. Samples and Anna Mehat3.10 Mange (Sarcoptes spp.) 57Lori L. Stose3.11 Equine Encephalitis (Eastern/Western) 61George W. McCommon3.12 St. Louis Encephalitis (Flaviviridae) 64George W. McCommon3.13 West Nile Virus (Flaviviridae) 67George W. McCommon3.14 Zika Virus 70George W. McCommon3.15 American Spotted Fever (Rickettsia Parkeri) 73Sodiq Omotosho, Jeremiah Arowolo, and Oreta M. Samples3.16 Babesiosis (Babesia Divergens) 77Sodiq Omotosho, Jeremiah Arowolo, and Oreta M. Samples3.17 Bourbon Virus 81Oreta M. Samples3.18 Colorado Tick Fever 84Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill3.19 Heartland Virus 88Oreta M. Samples3.20 Lyme Disease – Borrelia burgdorferi 92Lori Stose3.21 Powassan Virus (Flaviviridae) 96Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill3.22 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) 99Jeremiah Arowolo and Oreta M. Samples3.23 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsi) 103Lori L. Stose4.1 Public Health Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases 107Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel4.2 Anaplasmosis/Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma phagocytophylum/E. spp.) 115Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi4.3 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) 118Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, Priyanka Gurrapu, and Govind Kannan4.4 Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella spp.) 122Lori L. Stose4.5 Cholera (Vibrio cholera) 125Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi4.6 Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.) 128Govind Kannan, Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, and Priyanka Gurrapu4.7 Leptospirosis 132Lori L. Stose4.8 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) 139Christina Miller4.9 Salmonella (Salmonella spp.) 147Christina Miller4.10 Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) 158Govind Kannan, Phaneendra Batchu, Priyanka Gurrapu, and Arshad Shaik4.11 Streptococcus (Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis) 163Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill4.12 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) 168Priyanka Gurrapu, Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, and Govind Kannan4.13 Tularemia (F. tularensis) 173Oreta M. Samples4.14 Rat- Bite Fever 176Suzanne Craig5.1 Tinea capitis/Tinea corporis (Microsporum spp.) 181Sanower Warsi, Aftab Siddique, and Thomas H. Terrill5.2 Trichophytosis (Trichophyton spp.) 187Lori L. Stose6.0 Parasitic Worm- Associated Diseases of Public Health Concern 193Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel6.1 Diphyllobothriasis (Diphyllobothrium dalliae) 199Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel6.2 Alveolar Echinococcus (Echinococcus multilocularis) 205Oreta M. Samples and Macdonald Aloh6.3 Hydatidosis/Cystic Echinococcus (Echinococcus granulosus) 208Arshad Shaik, Priyanka Gurrapu, Phaneendra Batchu, and Govind Kannan6.4 Taeniasis (Taenia saginata) 211Kingsley Kalu6.5 Dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) 215Lori L. Stose6.6 Hookworms (Necator americanus) 221Oreta M. Samples and Macdonald Aloh6.7 Creeping Eruption (Ancylostoma braziliense/Ancylostoma caninum) 226Oreta M. Samples6.8 Uncinaria (Uncinaria stenocephala) 229Oreta M. Samples6.9 Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) 231Kingsley Kalu6.10 Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara cati) 234Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill6.11 Swimmer’s Itch (Schistosomiasis) 242Macdonald Aloh and Oreta M. Samples6.12 Intestinal Flukes (Nanophytues salminocola) 246Chisom D. Dike and Sunny Wesey7.1 Hantavirus (Hantavirus spp.) 253Oreta M. Samples and Jeremiah Arowolo7.2 Rabies (Lyssavirus) 257Kingsley Kalu7.3 New Castle Disease (Orthoavulavirus avian Orthoavulavirus) 261Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.4 Avian Influenza (Avian Influenza A) 266Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.5 Swine Influenza (H1N1) 271Aftab Siddique, Sanower Warsi, Anurag Singh, and Thomas H. Terrill7.6 Foot- and- Mouth Disease (Aphthovirus) 276Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.7 Orf (Parapoxvirus Orf Virus) 283Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill8 Reportable Diseases in the United States 289Oreta M. Samples8.1 Introduction 2899 The Future of One Health in North America 291Oreta M. SamplesIndex 293

Oreta M. Samples, BS, RVT, MPH, DHSc, Associate Professor and Program Coordinator, Master of Public Health Program, Department of Veterinary Technology and Public Health, Fort Valley State University. George McCommon, DVM, Professor and Department Head, Department of Veterinary Technology and Public Health, Fort Valley State University. Thomas H. Terrill, BS MS, Ph.D., Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator, Master of Animal Science Program, Fort Valley State University. Lori Stose, DVM, Veterinarian, Legacy Animal Medical Center.

• List of Contributors xxviiList of Abbreviations xxixPreface xxxiAcknowledgments xxxiii1 History of One Health 1Oreta M. Samples2 An Interface Between Veterinary and Human Medicine 5Oreta M. Samples3.0 Arthropod- Borne Diseases of Public Health Concern 9Oreta M. Samples3.1 Family Cimicidae (Cimex sp.) 12Oreta M. Samples3.2 Chagas Disease 15Kingsley Kalu3.3 Tapeworms (Dipylidium caninum) 20Lori L. Stose3.4 Rabbit Fever 23Sanower Warsi, Anurag Singh, Aftab Siddique, and Thomas H. Terrill3.5 Rickettsia Species 28Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi3.6 Plague (Yersinia Pestis) 33Eric C. Enoch and Oreta M. Samples3.7 Leishmaniasis 39Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel3.8 Chiggers (Eutrombicula alfreduges/Trombidium irritans) 47Oreta M. Samples3.9 Red Bird Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) 51Oreta M. Samples and Anna Mehat3.10 Mange (Sarcoptes spp.) 57Lori L. Stose3.11 Equine Encephalitis (Eastern/Western) 61George W. McCommon3.12 St. Louis Encephalitis (Flaviviridae) 64George W. McCommon3.13 West Nile Virus (Flaviviridae) 67George W. McCommon3.14 Zika Virus 70George W. McCommon3.15 American Spotted Fever (Rickettsia Parkeri) 73Sodiq Omotosho, Jeremiah Arowolo, and Oreta M. Samples3.16 Babesiosis (Babesia Divergens) 77Sodiq Omotosho, Jeremiah Arowolo, and Oreta M. Samples3.17 Bourbon Virus 81Oreta M. Samples3.18 Colorado Tick Fever 84Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill3.19 Heartland Virus 88Oreta M. Samples3.20 Lyme Disease – Borrelia burgdorferi 92Lori Stose3.21 Powassan Virus (Flaviviridae) 96Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill3.22 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) 99Jeremiah Arowolo and Oreta M. Samples3.23 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsi) 103Lori L. Stose4.1 Public Health Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases 107Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel4.2 Anaplasmosis/Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma phagocytophylum/E. spp.) 115Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi4.3 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) 118Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, Priyanka Gurrapu, and Govind Kannan4.4 Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella spp.) 122Lori L. Stose4.5 Cholera (Vibrio cholera) 125Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi4.6 Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.) 128Govind Kannan, Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, and Priyanka Gurrapu4.7 Leptospirosis 132Lori L. Stose4.8 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) 139Christina Miller4.9 Salmonella (Salmonella spp.) 147Christina Miller4.10 Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) 158Govind Kannan, Phaneendra Batchu, Priyanka Gurrapu, and Arshad Shaik4.11 Streptococcus (Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis) 163Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill4.12 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) 168Priyanka Gurrapu, Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, and Govind Kannan4.13 Tularemia (F. tularensis) 173Oreta M. Samples4.14 Rat- Bite Fever 176Suzanne Craig5.1 Tinea capitis/Tinea corporis (Microsporum spp.) 181Sanower Warsi, Aftab Siddique, and Thomas H. Terrill5.2 Trichophytosis (Trichophyton spp.) 187Lori L. Stose6.0 Parasitic Worm- Associated Diseases of Public Health Concern 193Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel6.1 Diphyllobothriasis (Diphyllobothrium dalliae) 199Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel6.2 Alveolar Echinococcus (Echinococcus multilocularis) 205Oreta M. Samples and Macdonald Aloh6.3 Hydatidosis/Cystic Echinococcus (Echinococcus granulosus) 208Arshad Shaik, Priyanka Gurrapu, Phaneendra Batchu, and Govind Kannan6.4 Taeniasis (Taenia saginata) 211Kingsley Kalu6.5 Dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) 215Lori L. Stose6.6 Hookworms (Necator americanus) 221Oreta M. Samples and Macdonald Aloh6.7 Creeping Eruption (Ancylostoma braziliense/Ancylostoma caninum) 226Oreta M. Samples6.8 Uncinaria (Uncinaria stenocephala) 229Oreta M. Samples6.9 Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) 231Kingsley Kalu6.10 Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara cati) 234Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill6.11 Swimmer’s Itch (Schistosomiasis) 242Macdonald Aloh and Oreta M. Samples6.12 Intestinal Flukes (Nanophytues salminocola) 246Chisom D. Dike and Sunny Wesey7.1 Hantavirus (Hantavirus spp.) 253Oreta M. Samples and Jeremiah Arowolo7.2 Rabies (Lyssavirus) 257Kingsley Kalu7.3 New Castle Disease (Orthoavulavirus avian Orthoavulavirus) 261Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.4 Avian Influenza (Avian Influenza A) 266Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.5 Swine Influenza (H1N1) 271Aftab Siddique, Sanower Warsi, Anurag Singh, and Thomas H. Terrill7.6 Foot- and- Mouth Disease (Aphthovirus) 276Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.7 Orf (Parapoxvirus Orf Virus) 283Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill8 Reportable Diseases in the United States 289Oreta M. Samples8.1 Introduction 2899 The Future of One Health in North America 291Oreta M. SamplesIndex 293

Oreta M. Samples, BS, RVT, MPH, DHSc, Associate Professor and Program Coordinator, Master of Public Health Program, Department of Veterinary Technology and Public Health, Fort Valley State University. George McCommon, DVM, Professor and Department Head, Department of Veterinary Technology and Public Health, Fort Valley State University. Thomas H. Terrill, BS MS, Ph.D., Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator, Master of Animal Science Program, Fort Valley State University. Lori Stose, DVM, Veterinarian, Legacy Animal Medical Center.

• List of Contributors xxviiList of Abbreviations xxixPreface xxxiAcknowledgments xxxiii1 History of One Health 1Oreta M. Samples2 An Interface Between Veterinary and Human Medicine 5Oreta M. Samples3.0 Arthropod- Borne Diseases of Public Health Concern 9Oreta M. Samples3.1 Family Cimicidae (Cimex sp.) 12Oreta M. Samples3.2 Chagas Disease 15Kingsley Kalu3.3 Tapeworms (Dipylidium caninum) 20Lori L. Stose3.4 Rabbit Fever 23Sanower Warsi, Anurag Singh, Aftab Siddique, and Thomas H. Terrill3.5 Rickettsia Species 28Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi3.6 Plague (Yersinia Pestis) 33Eric C. Enoch and Oreta M. Samples3.7 Leishmaniasis 39Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel3.8 Chiggers (Eutrombicula alfreduges/Trombidium irritans) 47Oreta M. Samples3.9 Red Bird Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) 51Oreta M. Samples and Anna Mehat3.10 Mange (Sarcoptes spp.) 57Lori L. Stose3.11 Equine Encephalitis (Eastern/Western) 61George W. McCommon3.12 St. Louis Encephalitis (Flaviviridae) 64George W. McCommon3.13 West Nile Virus (Flaviviridae) 67George W. McCommon3.14 Zika Virus 70George W. McCommon3.15 American Spotted Fever (Rickettsia Parkeri) 73Sodiq Omotosho, Jeremiah Arowolo, and Oreta M. Samples3.16 Babesiosis (Babesia Divergens) 77Sodiq Omotosho, Jeremiah Arowolo, and Oreta M. Samples3.17 Bourbon Virus 81Oreta M. Samples3.18 Colorado Tick Fever 84Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill3.19 Heartland Virus 88Oreta M. Samples3.20 Lyme Disease – Borrelia burgdorferi 92Lori Stose3.21 Powassan Virus (Flaviviridae) 96Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill3.22 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) 99Jeremiah Arowolo and Oreta M. Samples3.23 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsi) 103Lori L. Stose4.1 Public Health Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases 107Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel4.2 Anaplasmosis/Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma phagocytophylum/E. spp.) 115Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi4.3 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) 118Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, Priyanka Gurrapu, and Govind Kannan4.4 Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella spp.) 122Lori L. Stose4.5 Cholera (Vibrio cholera) 125Oreta M. Samples and Caroline Obi4.6 Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.) 128Govind Kannan, Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, and Priyanka Gurrapu4.7 Leptospirosis 132Lori L. Stose4.8 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) 139Christina Miller4.9 Salmonella (Salmonella spp.) 147Christina Miller4.10 Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) 158Govind Kannan, Phaneendra Batchu, Priyanka Gurrapu, and Arshad Shaik4.11 Streptococcus (Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis) 163Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill4.12 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) 168Priyanka Gurrapu, Phaneendra Batchu, Arshad Shaik, and Govind Kannan4.13 Tularemia (F. tularensis) 173Oreta M. Samples4.14 Rat- Bite Fever 176Suzanne Craig5.1 Tinea capitis/Tinea corporis (Microsporum spp.) 181Sanower Warsi, Aftab Siddique, and Thomas H. Terrill5.2 Trichophytosis (Trichophyton spp.) 187Lori L. Stose6.0 Parasitic Worm- Associated Diseases of Public Health Concern 193Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel6.1 Diphyllobothriasis (Diphyllobothrium dalliae) 199Sunny Wesey and Dike C. Daniel6.2 Alveolar Echinococcus (Echinococcus multilocularis) 205Oreta M. Samples and Macdonald Aloh6.3 Hydatidosis/Cystic Echinococcus (Echinococcus granulosus) 208Arshad Shaik, Priyanka Gurrapu, Phaneendra Batchu, and Govind Kannan6.4 Taeniasis (Taenia saginata) 211Kingsley Kalu6.5 Dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) 215Lori L. Stose6.6 Hookworms (Necator americanus) 221Oreta M. Samples and Macdonald Aloh6.7 Creeping Eruption (Ancylostoma braziliense/Ancylostoma caninum) 226Oreta M. Samples6.8 Uncinaria (Uncinaria stenocephala) 229Oreta M. Samples6.9 Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) 231Kingsley Kalu6.10 Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara cati) 234Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill6.11 Swimmer’s Itch (Schistosomiasis) 242Macdonald Aloh and Oreta M. Samples6.12 Intestinal Flukes (Nanophytues salminocola) 246Chisom D. Dike and Sunny Wesey7.1 Hantavirus (Hantavirus spp.) 253Oreta M. Samples and Jeremiah Arowolo7.2 Rabies (Lyssavirus) 257Kingsley Kalu7.3 New Castle Disease (Orthoavulavirus avian Orthoavulavirus) 261Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.4 Avian Influenza (Avian Influenza A) 266Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.5 Swine Influenza (H1N1) 271Aftab Siddique, Sanower Warsi, Anurag Singh, and Thomas H. Terrill7.6 Foot- and- Mouth Disease (Aphthovirus) 276Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill7.7 Orf (Parapoxvirus Orf Virus) 283Aftab Siddique and Thomas H. Terrill8 Reportable Diseases in the United States 289Oreta M. Samples8.1 Introduction 2899 The Future of One Health in North America 291Oreta M. SamplesIndex 293