Al Lens, COMT, began his career in ophthalmology in 1986 at the Gimbel Eye Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He developed a comprehensive training program to teach new ophthalmic assistants at the clinic where he worked. He then began lecturing at various conferences across North America and Saudi Arabia. His other published works include Ophthalmic Assisting Guide; Optics, Retinoscopy and Refractometry, Second Edition; LASIK for Technicians; and Cataract and Glaucoma for Eyecare Paraprofessionals. Currently, Al works at various clinics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT, received her Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature from the University of New Hampshire and graduated from the Boston University Ophthalmic Technology program. Her career path has included working with Phoenix Indian Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona, and as a program director of ophthalmic technology at the Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia. Currently, she resides in Corrales, New Mexico, where she has a consulting company called Eye of the Wolf LLC. She has been coauthor and researcher on multiple National Institute of Health research grants, with an interest in image processing analysis of retinal images. Her husband George and her two teenagers, Ben and Natalie, keep her quite active. Janice K. Ledford, COMT, has become well known in ophthalmic assisting circles, especially among those studying for certification exams. Her many text books and articles continue to contribute to the field of eye care. In addition to writing, editing, and teaching, Jan works for Dr. Charles Kirby as well as the Veterans Administration Eye Clinic in Asheville, North Carolina. She lives in the mountains of North Carolina with her two cats. Next time you see her, she would love to tell you about her kids and grandkids.

• Contents Dedications Acknowledgments About the Authors Contributing Authors Introduction Chapter 1 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Jump-Start Al Lens, COMT Chapter 2 Embryology and Eye Development Tammy Langley, COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 3 The Bony Orbit Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Carolyn Shea, COMT; and Mark Schluter,?MD Chapter 4 Eyebrows, Eyelids, and the Lacrimal System Tammy Langley, COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 5 Extraocular Muscles and the Globe Carolyn Shea, COMT; Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 6 Conjunctiva, Episclera, and Sclera Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT and Carolyn Shea, COMT Chapter 7 The Cornea Tammy Langley,?COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 8 Anterior and Posterior Chambers Carolyn Shea, COMT; Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Mark DiSclafani, MD; and R. Rand Allingham, MD Chapter 9 The Posterior Segment Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Carolyn Shea, COMT; Mark DiSclafani, MD; and Mark Schluter,?MD Chapter 10 Visual Pathway Al Lens, COMT Chapter 11 Nerve Supply Al Lens, COMT Chapter 12 Vascular Supply and Lymphatics Al Lens, COMT Chapter 13 Inflammatory Response Al Lens, COMT Chapter 14 Binocular Vision Al Lens, COMT Chapter 15 Physiologic Optics Al Lens, COMT Chapter 16 Refractive Errors and Conditions Al Lens, COMT Bibliography Index

Al Lens, COMT, began his career in ophthalmology in 1986 at the Gimbel Eye Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He developed a comprehensive training program to teach new ophthalmic assistants at the clinic where he worked. He then began lecturing at various conferences across North America and Saudi Arabia. His other published works include Ophthalmic Assisting Guide; Optics, Retinoscopy and Refractometry, Second Edition; LASIK for Technicians; and Cataract and Glaucoma for Eyecare Paraprofessionals. Currently, Al works at various clinics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT, received her Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature from the University of New Hampshire and graduated from the Boston University Ophthalmic Technology program. Her career path has included working with Phoenix Indian Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona, and as a program director of ophthalmic technology at the Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia. Currently, she resides in Corrales, New Mexico, where she has a consulting company called Eye of the Wolf LLC. She has been coauthor and researcher on multiple National Institute of Health research grants, with an interest in image processing analysis of retinal images. Her husband George and her two teenagers, Ben and Natalie, keep her quite active. Janice K. Ledford, COMT, has become well known in ophthalmic assisting circles, especially among those studying for certification exams. Her many text books and articles continue to contribute to the field of eye care. In addition to writing, editing, and teaching, Jan works for Dr. Charles Kirby as well as the Veterans Administration Eye Clinic in Asheville, North Carolina. She lives in the mountains of North Carolina with her two cats. Next time you see her, she would love to tell you about her kids and grandkids.

• Contents Dedications Acknowledgments About the Authors Contributing Authors Introduction Chapter 1 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Jump-Start Al Lens, COMT Chapter 2 Embryology and Eye Development Tammy Langley, COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 3 The Bony Orbit Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Carolyn Shea, COMT; and Mark Schluter,?MD Chapter 4 Eyebrows, Eyelids, and the Lacrimal System Tammy Langley, COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 5 Extraocular Muscles and the Globe Carolyn Shea, COMT; Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 6 Conjunctiva, Episclera, and Sclera Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT and Carolyn Shea, COMT Chapter 7 The Cornea Tammy Langley,?COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 8 Anterior and Posterior Chambers Carolyn Shea, COMT; Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Mark DiSclafani, MD; and R. Rand Allingham, MD Chapter 9 The Posterior Segment Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Carolyn Shea, COMT; Mark DiSclafani, MD; and Mark Schluter,?MD Chapter 10 Visual Pathway Al Lens, COMT Chapter 11 Nerve Supply Al Lens, COMT Chapter 12 Vascular Supply and Lymphatics Al Lens, COMT Chapter 13 Inflammatory Response Al Lens, COMT Chapter 14 Binocular Vision Al Lens, COMT Chapter 15 Physiologic Optics Al Lens, COMT Chapter 16 Refractive Errors and Conditions Al Lens, COMT Bibliography Index

Al Lens, COMT, began his career in ophthalmology in 1986 at the Gimbel Eye Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He developed a comprehensive training program to teach new ophthalmic assistants at the clinic where he worked. He then began lecturing at various conferences across North America and Saudi Arabia. His other published works include Ophthalmic Assisting Guide; Optics, Retinoscopy and Refractometry, Second Edition; LASIK for Technicians; and Cataract and Glaucoma for Eyecare Paraprofessionals. Currently, Al works at various clinics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT, received her Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature from the University of New Hampshire and graduated from the Boston University Ophthalmic Technology program. Her career path has included working with Phoenix Indian Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona, and as a program director of ophthalmic technology at the Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia. Currently, she resides in Corrales, New Mexico, where she has a consulting company called Eye of the Wolf LLC. She has been coauthor and researcher on multiple National Institute of Health research grants, with an interest in image processing analysis of retinal images. Her husband George and her two teenagers, Ben and Natalie, keep her quite active. Janice K. Ledford, COMT, has become well known in ophthalmic assisting circles, especially among those studying for certification exams. Her many text books and articles continue to contribute to the field of eye care. In addition to writing, editing, and teaching, Jan works for Dr. Charles Kirby as well as the Veterans Administration Eye Clinic in Asheville, North Carolina. She lives in the mountains of North Carolina with her two cats. Next time you see her, she would love to tell you about her kids and grandkids.

• Contents Dedications Acknowledgments About the Authors Contributing Authors Introduction Chapter 1 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Jump-Start Al Lens, COMT Chapter 2 Embryology and Eye Development Tammy Langley, COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 3 The Bony Orbit Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Carolyn Shea, COMT; and Mark Schluter,?MD Chapter 4 Eyebrows, Eyelids, and the Lacrimal System Tammy Langley, COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 5 Extraocular Muscles and the Globe Carolyn Shea, COMT; Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 6 Conjunctiva, Episclera, and Sclera Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT and Carolyn Shea, COMT Chapter 7 The Cornea Tammy Langley,?COT and Janice K. Ledford, COMT Chapter 8 Anterior and Posterior Chambers Carolyn Shea, COMT; Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Mark DiSclafani, MD; and R. Rand Allingham, MD Chapter 9 The Posterior Segment Sheila Coyne Nemeth, COMT; Carolyn Shea, COMT; Mark DiSclafani, MD; and Mark Schluter,?MD Chapter 10 Visual Pathway Al Lens, COMT Chapter 11 Nerve Supply Al Lens, COMT Chapter 12 Vascular Supply and Lymphatics Al Lens, COMT Chapter 13 Inflammatory Response Al Lens, COMT Chapter 14 Binocular Vision Al Lens, COMT Chapter 15 Physiologic Optics Al Lens, COMT Chapter 16 Refractive Errors and Conditions Al Lens, COMT Bibliography Index