Aurora Panzica, Ph.D. (2020), University of Fribourg, is a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Basel. She has published critical editions and studies on Late medieval Aristotelianism, including Oresme's ultima lectura on Aristotle's Meteorology (Brill, 2021) and a monograph titled De la Lune à la Terre: Les débats sur le premier livre des Météorologiques d'Aristote au Moyen Âge latin (Brepols, 2024).

• AcknowledgementsIntroductionNicole Oresme’s Earliest Documented Writings: The Literal Commentary and the Question Commentary on Aristotle’s MeteorologyOresme’s Literal Commentary on Aristotle’s MeteorologyThe First Redaction of Oresme’s Questions on Meteorology1 Descriptions of the Manuscripts2 The Manuscript Tradition3 Editorial PrinciplesNicolaus Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de prima lecturaLiberII.1 Utrum impressiones metheorologice fiant secundum naturam inordinatiorem ea que est primi elementi corporumI.2 Utrum iste mundus inferior sit contiguus ipsi celoI.3 Utrum omnis virtus inferior a superioribus, scilicet a supercelestibus, guberneturI.4 Utrum aliquis motus localis in istis inferioribus sit effective a celoI.5 Utrum, cessante motu celi, fierent generationes, alterationes, impressiones et similia in istis inferioribusI.6 Utrum, solo primo motu superiorum cessante, fierent generationes, impressiones, etc., posito quod Sol et alii planete moverenturI.7 Utrum motus localis sit causa calorisI.8 Utrum aer superior et ignis in suis speris calefiant ex motu celiI.9 Utrum lumen in istis inferioribus a corporibus celestibus genereturI.10 Utrum quatuor elementa sint continue proportionaliaI.11 Utrum omne lumen sit calefactivumI.12 Utrum omne corpus oppositum luminoso sit calefactibile per lumenI.13 Utrum aliquod agens possit agere in passum distans ab eo sine hoc quod agat in intermediumI.14 Utrum aliquod agens fortius agat in remotum quam in sibi propinquumI.15 Utrum unum contrarium possit movere localiter alterum sibi contrariumI.16 Utrum media regio aeris sit semper frigidaI.17 Utrum flamme apparentes de nocte in aere fiant ibi naturaliterI.18 Utrum, serenitate existente, appareant in celo de nocte hiatus, seu aperture, et voragines et sanguinei coloresI.19 Utrum stelle comate sint de natura celi aut elementariI.20 Utrum motus stelle comate sit naturalisI.21 Utrum comete significent guerras, mortes principum, pestilentias et huiusmodiI.22 Utrum omnes comete sint eiusdem speciei inter se et cum galaxiaI.23 Utrum impressiones humide fiant a calidoI.24 Utrum omnes impressiones aquee sint eiusdem specieiI.25 Utrum nix et pluvia generentur in media aeris regioneI.26 Utrum grando debeat magis fieri in hieme vel estate aut in temporibus mediis, sicut in vere aut autumnoI.27 Utrum nebula sit signum serenitatisI.28 Utrum aqua naturaliter ascendat ad orificia fontiumI.29 Utrum fontes et fluvii veniant ex aqua pluviali vel ex mari vel aliundeI.30 Utrum fontes et flumina derivantur a montibusI.31 Utrum habitationes terre permutenturI.32 Utrum habitatio terre permutetur propter mareI.33 Utrum habitatio terre permutetur propter permutationem in qualitatibus secundisLiberIIII.1 Utrum locus naturalis elementi aque sit ubi nunc est mareII.2 Utrum mare fluat et refluatII.3 Utrum aqua maris sit salsaII.4 Utrum fontes et fluvii debeant esse salsiII.5 Utrum ventus sit exalatio calida et siccaII.6 Utrum Auster veniat a polo antartico e Boreas ab articoII.7 Utrum terremotus sit possibilisII.8 Utrum terremotus, ventus et tonitruum et similia sint eiusdem natureII.9 Utrum fulgur sit exalatio calida et sicca ignitaLiberIIIIII.1 Utrum visus refrangatur a corporibus densis et politisIII.2 Utrum halo fiat ex refractione radiorum ab ipsa nube ad visumIII.3 Utrum sit aliquis color spiritualisIII.4 Utrum colores apparentes in iride sint ibi vere et realiterIII.5 Utrum iris debeat apparere secundum circuli periferiamIII.6 Utrum iris possit apparere maior semicirculoIII.7 Utrum iris quandoque appareat secundum portionem circuli maioris et quandoque secundum portionem minorisAppendixI: Three Questions on the Fourth Book of Aristotle’s Meteorology in Manuscript DUtrum sint tantum quatuor qualitates primeUtrum qualitatum primarum due sint active et due passive, scilicet caliditas et siccitas active, et alie passiveUtrum caliditas sit magis qualitas activa quam frigiditasAppendixII: Two Questions on Aristotle’s Meteorology Interpolated into Oresme’s prima lectura in Manuscript C1 Utrum iris potest fieri a Luna2 ⟨Utrum impressiones ignite que generantur sursum in aere differant materialiter⟩AppendixIII: Nicole Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de ultima lectura, IV.1Appendix: The Questions and Their SourcesBibliographyIndex

Aurora Panzica, Ph.D. (2020), University of Fribourg, is a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Basel. She has published critical editions and studies on Late medieval Aristotelianism, including Oresme's ultima lectura on Aristotle's Meteorology (Brill, 2021) and a monograph titled De la Lune à la Terre: Les débats sur le premier livre des Météorologiques d'Aristote au Moyen Âge latin (Brepols, 2024).

• AcknowledgementsIntroductionNicole Oresme’s Earliest Documented Writings: The Literal Commentary and the Question Commentary on Aristotle’s MeteorologyOresme’s Literal Commentary on Aristotle’s MeteorologyThe First Redaction of Oresme’s Questions on Meteorology1 Descriptions of the Manuscripts2 The Manuscript Tradition3 Editorial PrinciplesNicolaus Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de prima lecturaLiberII.1 Utrum impressiones metheorologice fiant secundum naturam inordinatiorem ea que est primi elementi corporumI.2 Utrum iste mundus inferior sit contiguus ipsi celoI.3 Utrum omnis virtus inferior a superioribus, scilicet a supercelestibus, guberneturI.4 Utrum aliquis motus localis in istis inferioribus sit effective a celoI.5 Utrum, cessante motu celi, fierent generationes, alterationes, impressiones et similia in istis inferioribusI.6 Utrum, solo primo motu superiorum cessante, fierent generationes, impressiones, etc., posito quod Sol et alii planete moverenturI.7 Utrum motus localis sit causa calorisI.8 Utrum aer superior et ignis in suis speris calefiant ex motu celiI.9 Utrum lumen in istis inferioribus a corporibus celestibus genereturI.10 Utrum quatuor elementa sint continue proportionaliaI.11 Utrum omne lumen sit calefactivumI.12 Utrum omne corpus oppositum luminoso sit calefactibile per lumenI.13 Utrum aliquod agens possit agere in passum distans ab eo sine hoc quod agat in intermediumI.14 Utrum aliquod agens fortius agat in remotum quam in sibi propinquumI.15 Utrum unum contrarium possit movere localiter alterum sibi contrariumI.16 Utrum media regio aeris sit semper frigidaI.17 Utrum flamme apparentes de nocte in aere fiant ibi naturaliterI.18 Utrum, serenitate existente, appareant in celo de nocte hiatus, seu aperture, et voragines et sanguinei coloresI.19 Utrum stelle comate sint de natura celi aut elementariI.20 Utrum motus stelle comate sit naturalisI.21 Utrum comete significent guerras, mortes principum, pestilentias et huiusmodiI.22 Utrum omnes comete sint eiusdem speciei inter se et cum galaxiaI.23 Utrum impressiones humide fiant a calidoI.24 Utrum omnes impressiones aquee sint eiusdem specieiI.25 Utrum nix et pluvia generentur in media aeris regioneI.26 Utrum grando debeat magis fieri in hieme vel estate aut in temporibus mediis, sicut in vere aut autumnoI.27 Utrum nebula sit signum serenitatisI.28 Utrum aqua naturaliter ascendat ad orificia fontiumI.29 Utrum fontes et fluvii veniant ex aqua pluviali vel ex mari vel aliundeI.30 Utrum fontes et flumina derivantur a montibusI.31 Utrum habitationes terre permutenturI.32 Utrum habitatio terre permutetur propter mareI.33 Utrum habitatio terre permutetur propter permutationem in qualitatibus secundisLiberIIII.1 Utrum locus naturalis elementi aque sit ubi nunc est mareII.2 Utrum mare fluat et refluatII.3 Utrum aqua maris sit salsaII.4 Utrum fontes et fluvii debeant esse salsiII.5 Utrum ventus sit exalatio calida et siccaII.6 Utrum Auster veniat a polo antartico e Boreas ab articoII.7 Utrum terremotus sit possibilisII.8 Utrum terremotus, ventus et tonitruum et similia sint eiusdem natureII.9 Utrum fulgur sit exalatio calida et sicca ignitaLiberIIIIII.1 Utrum visus refrangatur a corporibus densis et politisIII.2 Utrum halo fiat ex refractione radiorum ab ipsa nube ad visumIII.3 Utrum sit aliquis color spiritualisIII.4 Utrum colores apparentes in iride sint ibi vere et realiterIII.5 Utrum iris debeat apparere secundum circuli periferiamIII.6 Utrum iris possit apparere maior semicirculoIII.7 Utrum iris quandoque appareat secundum portionem circuli maioris et quandoque secundum portionem minorisAppendixI: Three Questions on the Fourth Book of Aristotle’s Meteorology in Manuscript DUtrum sint tantum quatuor qualitates primeUtrum qualitatum primarum due sint active et due passive, scilicet caliditas et siccitas active, et alie passiveUtrum caliditas sit magis qualitas activa quam frigiditasAppendixII: Two Questions on Aristotle’s Meteorology Interpolated into Oresme’s prima lectura in Manuscript C1 Utrum iris potest fieri a Luna2 ⟨Utrum impressiones ignite que generantur sursum in aere differant materialiter⟩AppendixIII: Nicole Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de ultima lectura, IV.1Appendix: The Questions and Their SourcesBibliographyIndex

Aurora Panzica, Ph.D. (2020), University of Fribourg, is a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Basel. She has published critical editions and studies on Late medieval Aristotelianism, including Oresme's ultima lectura on Aristotle's Meteorology (Brill, 2021) and a monograph titled De la Lune à la Terre: Les débats sur le premier livre des Météorologiques d'Aristote au Moyen Âge latin (Brepols, 2024).

• AcknowledgementsIntroductionNicole Oresme’s Earliest Documented Writings: The Literal Commentary and the Question Commentary on Aristotle’s MeteorologyOresme’s Literal Commentary on Aristotle’s MeteorologyThe First Redaction of Oresme’s Questions on Meteorology1 Descriptions of the Manuscripts2 The Manuscript Tradition3 Editorial PrinciplesNicolaus Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de prima lecturaLiberII.1 Utrum impressiones metheorologice fiant secundum naturam inordinatiorem ea que est primi elementi corporumI.2 Utrum iste mundus inferior sit contiguus ipsi celoI.3 Utrum omnis virtus inferior a superioribus, scilicet a supercelestibus, guberneturI.4 Utrum aliquis motus localis in istis inferioribus sit effective a celoI.5 Utrum, cessante motu celi, fierent generationes, alterationes, impressiones et similia in istis inferioribusI.6 Utrum, solo primo motu superiorum cessante, fierent generationes, impressiones, etc., posito quod Sol et alii planete moverenturI.7 Utrum motus localis sit causa calorisI.8 Utrum aer superior et ignis in suis speris calefiant ex motu celiI.9 Utrum lumen in istis inferioribus a corporibus celestibus genereturI.10 Utrum quatuor elementa sint continue proportionaliaI.11 Utrum omne lumen sit calefactivumI.12 Utrum omne corpus oppositum luminoso sit calefactibile per lumenI.13 Utrum aliquod agens possit agere in passum distans ab eo sine hoc quod agat in intermediumI.14 Utrum aliquod agens fortius agat in remotum quam in sibi propinquumI.15 Utrum unum contrarium possit movere localiter alterum sibi contrariumI.16 Utrum media regio aeris sit semper frigidaI.17 Utrum flamme apparentes de nocte in aere fiant ibi naturaliterI.18 Utrum, serenitate existente, appareant in celo de nocte hiatus, seu aperture, et voragines et sanguinei coloresI.19 Utrum stelle comate sint de natura celi aut elementariI.20 Utrum motus stelle comate sit naturalisI.21 Utrum comete significent guerras, mortes principum, pestilentias et huiusmodiI.22 Utrum omnes comete sint eiusdem speciei inter se et cum galaxiaI.23 Utrum impressiones humide fiant a calidoI.24 Utrum omnes impressiones aquee sint eiusdem specieiI.25 Utrum nix et pluvia generentur in media aeris regioneI.26 Utrum grando debeat magis fieri in hieme vel estate aut in temporibus mediis, sicut in vere aut autumnoI.27 Utrum nebula sit signum serenitatisI.28 Utrum aqua naturaliter ascendat ad orificia fontiumI.29 Utrum fontes et fluvii veniant ex aqua pluviali vel ex mari vel aliundeI.30 Utrum fontes et flumina derivantur a montibusI.31 Utrum habitationes terre permutenturI.32 Utrum habitatio terre permutetur propter mareI.33 Utrum habitatio terre permutetur propter permutationem in qualitatibus secundisLiberIIII.1 Utrum locus naturalis elementi aque sit ubi nunc est mareII.2 Utrum mare fluat et refluatII.3 Utrum aqua maris sit salsaII.4 Utrum fontes et fluvii debeant esse salsiII.5 Utrum ventus sit exalatio calida et siccaII.6 Utrum Auster veniat a polo antartico e Boreas ab articoII.7 Utrum terremotus sit possibilisII.8 Utrum terremotus, ventus et tonitruum et similia sint eiusdem natureII.9 Utrum fulgur sit exalatio calida et sicca ignitaLiberIIIIII.1 Utrum visus refrangatur a corporibus densis et politisIII.2 Utrum halo fiat ex refractione radiorum ab ipsa nube ad visumIII.3 Utrum sit aliquis color spiritualisIII.4 Utrum colores apparentes in iride sint ibi vere et realiterIII.5 Utrum iris debeat apparere secundum circuli periferiamIII.6 Utrum iris possit apparere maior semicirculoIII.7 Utrum iris quandoque appareat secundum portionem circuli maioris et quandoque secundum portionem minorisAppendixI: Three Questions on the Fourth Book of Aristotle’s Meteorology in Manuscript DUtrum sint tantum quatuor qualitates primeUtrum qualitatum primarum due sint active et due passive, scilicet caliditas et siccitas active, et alie passiveUtrum caliditas sit magis qualitas activa quam frigiditasAppendixII: Two Questions on Aristotle’s Meteorology Interpolated into Oresme’s prima lectura in Manuscript C1 Utrum iris potest fieri a Luna2 ⟨Utrum impressiones ignite que generantur sursum in aere differant materialiter⟩AppendixIII: Nicole Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de ultima lectura, IV.1Appendix: The Questions and Their SourcesBibliographyIndex