James Sloan is a Lecturer in International Law at the University of Glasgow, School of Law.

• 1 Introduction 1. The Changed Nature of Peacekeeping 2. Militarised Peacekeeping: Slouching Towards Crisis 3. Structure of the Book 4. The Definition of Peacekeeping 2 Peacekeeping: The Opposite of Enforcement? 1. Introduction 2. The Changed Nature of Peacekeeping 3. The Changed Nature of Enforcement 4. The Changed Nature of Peace-Enforcement 5. Conclusion3 The Peacekeeping Powers of the Security Council and the Limitations Thereupon1. Introduction2. Purposes and Principles of the UN3. Security Council Powers 4. Implied Security Council Powers 5. Overall Conclusions on the Security Council's Legal Powers/Constraints 4 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twentieth Century Practice 1. Introduction 2. UNEF I (November 1956–June 1967) 3. ONUC (July 1960–June 1964) 4. Missions in the Mid-1990s 5. Conclusions 5 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twenty-First Century Practice – The Early Operations 1. Introduction 2. Sierra Leone (October 1999–December 2005) 3. East Timor (October 1999–May 2002 and May 2002–May 2005) 4. Democratic Republic of the Congo (November 1999–30 June 2010 and July 1 2010–Present) 6 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twenty-First Century Practice – The Later Operations 1. Introduction 2. Liberia (September 2003–present) 3. Côte D'Ivoire (April 2004–Present) 4. Haiti (April 2004–Present) 5. Burundi (June 2004–December 2006) 6. Sudan (March 2005–Present) 7. Central African Republic and Chad (September 2007–December 2010) 7 Conclusions 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the Problems 3. Legal Conclusions 4. Final Remarks: The Way Forward Index

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James Sloan is a Lecturer in International Law at the University of Glasgow, School of Law.

• 1 Introduction 1. The Changed Nature of Peacekeeping 2. Militarised Peacekeeping: Slouching Towards Crisis 3. Structure of the Book 4. The Definition of Peacekeeping 2 Peacekeeping: The Opposite of Enforcement? 1. Introduction 2. The Changed Nature of Peacekeeping 3. The Changed Nature of Enforcement 4. The Changed Nature of Peace-Enforcement 5. Conclusion3 The Peacekeeping Powers of the Security Council and the Limitations Thereupon1. Introduction2. Purposes and Principles of the UN3. Security Council Powers 4. Implied Security Council Powers 5. Overall Conclusions on the Security Council's Legal Powers/Constraints 4 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twentieth Century Practice 1. Introduction 2. UNEF I (November 1956–June 1967) 3. ONUC (July 1960–June 1964) 4. Missions in the Mid-1990s 5. Conclusions 5 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twenty-First Century Practice – The Early Operations 1. Introduction 2. Sierra Leone (October 1999–December 2005) 3. East Timor (October 1999–May 2002 and May 2002–May 2005) 4. Democratic Republic of the Congo (November 1999–30 June 2010 and July 1 2010–Present) 6 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twenty-First Century Practice – The Later Operations 1. Introduction 2. Liberia (September 2003–present) 3. Côte D'Ivoire (April 2004–Present) 4. Haiti (April 2004–Present) 5. Burundi (June 2004–December 2006) 6. Sudan (March 2005–Present) 7. Central African Republic and Chad (September 2007–December 2010) 7 Conclusions 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the Problems 3. Legal Conclusions 4. Final Remarks: The Way Forward Index

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James Sloan is a Lecturer in International Law at the University of Glasgow, School of Law.

• 1 Introduction 1. The Changed Nature of Peacekeeping 2. Militarised Peacekeeping: Slouching Towards Crisis 3. Structure of the Book 4. The Definition of Peacekeeping 2 Peacekeeping: The Opposite of Enforcement? 1. Introduction 2. The Changed Nature of Peacekeeping 3. The Changed Nature of Enforcement 4. The Changed Nature of Peace-Enforcement 5. Conclusion3 The Peacekeeping Powers of the Security Council and the Limitations Thereupon1. Introduction2. Purposes and Principles of the UN3. Security Council Powers 4. Implied Security Council Powers 5. Overall Conclusions on the Security Council's Legal Powers/Constraints 4 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twentieth Century Practice 1. Introduction 2. UNEF I (November 1956–June 1967) 3. ONUC (July 1960–June 1964) 4. Missions in the Mid-1990s 5. Conclusions 5 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twenty-First Century Practice – The Early Operations 1. Introduction 2. Sierra Leone (October 1999–December 2005) 3. East Timor (October 1999–May 2002 and May 2002–May 2005) 4. Democratic Republic of the Congo (November 1999–30 June 2010 and July 1 2010–Present) 6 When Peacekeeping and Enforcement Overlap: Twenty-First Century Practice – The Later Operations 1. Introduction 2. Liberia (September 2003–present) 3. Côte D'Ivoire (April 2004–Present) 4. Haiti (April 2004–Present) 5. Burundi (June 2004–December 2006) 6. Sudan (March 2005–Present) 7. Central African Republic and Chad (September 2007–December 2010) 7 Conclusions 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the Problems 3. Legal Conclusions 4. Final Remarks: The Way Forward Index

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