Tish Davidson is a medical writer specializing in making accurate technical information accessible and enjoyable for a general readership. She is the author of What You Need to Know about Diabetes (2020), The Vaccine Debate (2018), and Vaccines: History, Science, and Issues (2017), as well as numerous books for children.

• Chronological List of Firsts Thematic List of Firsts Preface Acknowledgments IntroductionMedical Firsts 1. First Medical School Still in Existence, 10882. First Successful Cesarean Operation, 13373. First Hospital in North America, 15244. First Documented Condom Use, 15625. First Wheelchair, 15956. First American Dentist, 16307. First Microbiologist, 16748. First Clinical Trial, 17479. First Female Doctor with a Full Medical Degree, 175410. First Publicly Funded American Psychiatric Hospital, 177311. First Vaccine, 179612. First Successful Human-to-Human Blood Transfusion, 182913. First University-Trained African American Doctor, 183714. First Hypodermic Needle, 184415. First Use of Anesthesia in Surgery, 184616. First International Health Organization, 185117. First Epidemiological Study, 185418. First Use of Antiseptic Spray, 186519. First Successful Brain Tumor Operation, 187920. First Baby Incubator, 188021. First Steps toward Universal Health Care, 188322. First Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment, 189123. First Successful Open Heart Surgery, 189324. First Breast Augmentation Surgery, 189325. First Medical X-ray, 189526. First Electric Hearing Aid, 189827. First Recognized Human Virus, 190028. First American Food and Drug Purity Laws, 190629. First Human Laparoscopy, 191030. First Vitamin Identified, 191231. First Country to Legalize Abortion, 192032. First Physical Therapy Organization, 192133. First Isolation and Purification of Insulin, 192234. First Antibiotic, 192835. First Gender Affirmation Surgery, 193036. First Successful Joint Replacement, 194037. First City with Fluoridated Water, 194538. First Woman to Win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 194739. First FDA-Approved Chemotherapy Drug, 194940. First Drug to Treat Depression, 195241. First Automated Blood Counter, 195342. First Successful Human Organ Transplant, 195443. First Patient Treated with Ongoing Hemodialysis, 196044. First Oral Contraceptive, 196045. First Successful Human Xenotransplant, 196346. First Disease Cured Using Stem Cells, 196347. First Diagnostic Computed Tomography Scan, 197148. First Monoclonal Antibodies, 197549. First Sequencing of a DNA-Based Genome, 197750. First Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Human, 197751. First Baby Born through In Vitro Fertilization, 197852. First Human Disease Eradicated Globally, 198053. First Robotic Surgery, 198554. First FDA-Approved Drug to Treat HIV/AIDS, 198755. First Laser Vision Corrective Surgery, 198856. First Mammal Cloned from an Adult Cell, 199657. First FDA-Approved Botanical Drug, 200658. First Country to Legalize Euthanasia, 201159. First 3D-Printed Prosthesis, 201260. Firsts of the FutureIndex

Tish Davidson is a medical writer specializing in making accurate technical information accessible and enjoyable for a general readership. She is the author of What You Need to Know about Diabetes (2020), The Vaccine Debate (2018), and Vaccines: History, Science, and Issues (2017), as well as numerous books for children.

• Chronological List of Firsts Thematic List of Firsts Preface Acknowledgments IntroductionMedical Firsts 1. First Medical School Still in Existence, 10882. First Successful Cesarean Operation, 13373. First Hospital in North America, 15244. First Documented Condom Use, 15625. First Wheelchair, 15956. First American Dentist, 16307. First Microbiologist, 16748. First Clinical Trial, 17479. First Female Doctor with a Full Medical Degree, 175410. First Publicly Funded American Psychiatric Hospital, 177311. First Vaccine, 179612. First Successful Human-to-Human Blood Transfusion, 182913. First University-Trained African American Doctor, 183714. First Hypodermic Needle, 184415. First Use of Anesthesia in Surgery, 184616. First International Health Organization, 185117. First Epidemiological Study, 185418. First Use of Antiseptic Spray, 186519. First Successful Brain Tumor Operation, 187920. First Baby Incubator, 188021. First Steps toward Universal Health Care, 188322. First Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment, 189123. First Successful Open Heart Surgery, 189324. First Breast Augmentation Surgery, 189325. First Medical X-ray, 189526. First Electric Hearing Aid, 189827. First Recognized Human Virus, 190028. First American Food and Drug Purity Laws, 190629. First Human Laparoscopy, 191030. First Vitamin Identified, 191231. First Country to Legalize Abortion, 192032. First Physical Therapy Organization, 192133. First Isolation and Purification of Insulin, 192234. First Antibiotic, 192835. First Gender Affirmation Surgery, 193036. First Successful Joint Replacement, 194037. First City with Fluoridated Water, 194538. First Woman to Win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 194739. First FDA-Approved Chemotherapy Drug, 194940. First Drug to Treat Depression, 195241. First Automated Blood Counter, 195342. First Successful Human Organ Transplant, 195443. First Patient Treated with Ongoing Hemodialysis, 196044. First Oral Contraceptive, 196045. First Successful Human Xenotransplant, 196346. First Disease Cured Using Stem Cells, 196347. First Diagnostic Computed Tomography Scan, 197148. First Monoclonal Antibodies, 197549. First Sequencing of a DNA-Based Genome, 197750. First Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Human, 197751. First Baby Born through In Vitro Fertilization, 197852. First Human Disease Eradicated Globally, 198053. First Robotic Surgery, 198554. First FDA-Approved Drug to Treat HIV/AIDS, 198755. First Laser Vision Corrective Surgery, 198856. First Mammal Cloned from an Adult Cell, 199657. First FDA-Approved Botanical Drug, 200658. First Country to Legalize Euthanasia, 201159. First 3D-Printed Prosthesis, 201260. Firsts of the FutureIndex

Tish Davidson is a medical writer specializing in making accurate technical information accessible and enjoyable for a general readership. She is the author of What You Need to Know about Diabetes (2020), The Vaccine Debate (2018), and Vaccines: History, Science, and Issues (2017), as well as numerous books for children.

• Chronological List of Firsts Thematic List of Firsts Preface Acknowledgments IntroductionMedical Firsts 1. First Medical School Still in Existence, 10882. First Successful Cesarean Operation, 13373. First Hospital in North America, 15244. First Documented Condom Use, 15625. First Wheelchair, 15956. First American Dentist, 16307. First Microbiologist, 16748. First Clinical Trial, 17479. First Female Doctor with a Full Medical Degree, 175410. First Publicly Funded American Psychiatric Hospital, 177311. First Vaccine, 179612. First Successful Human-to-Human Blood Transfusion, 182913. First University-Trained African American Doctor, 183714. First Hypodermic Needle, 184415. First Use of Anesthesia in Surgery, 184616. First International Health Organization, 185117. First Epidemiological Study, 185418. First Use of Antiseptic Spray, 186519. First Successful Brain Tumor Operation, 187920. First Baby Incubator, 188021. First Steps toward Universal Health Care, 188322. First Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment, 189123. First Successful Open Heart Surgery, 189324. First Breast Augmentation Surgery, 189325. First Medical X-ray, 189526. First Electric Hearing Aid, 189827. First Recognized Human Virus, 190028. First American Food and Drug Purity Laws, 190629. First Human Laparoscopy, 191030. First Vitamin Identified, 191231. First Country to Legalize Abortion, 192032. First Physical Therapy Organization, 192133. First Isolation and Purification of Insulin, 192234. First Antibiotic, 192835. First Gender Affirmation Surgery, 193036. First Successful Joint Replacement, 194037. First City with Fluoridated Water, 194538. First Woman to Win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 194739. First FDA-Approved Chemotherapy Drug, 194940. First Drug to Treat Depression, 195241. First Automated Blood Counter, 195342. First Successful Human Organ Transplant, 195443. First Patient Treated with Ongoing Hemodialysis, 196044. First Oral Contraceptive, 196045. First Successful Human Xenotransplant, 196346. First Disease Cured Using Stem Cells, 196347. First Diagnostic Computed Tomography Scan, 197148. First Monoclonal Antibodies, 197549. First Sequencing of a DNA-Based Genome, 197750. First Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Human, 197751. First Baby Born through In Vitro Fertilization, 197852. First Human Disease Eradicated Globally, 198053. First Robotic Surgery, 198554. First FDA-Approved Drug to Treat HIV/AIDS, 198755. First Laser Vision Corrective Surgery, 198856. First Mammal Cloned from an Adult Cell, 199657. First FDA-Approved Botanical Drug, 200658. First Country to Legalize Euthanasia, 201159. First 3D-Printed Prosthesis, 201260. Firsts of the FutureIndex