Mandate of Heaven

Adam Parr is a professor at the University of Western Australia. He read English at the University of Cambridge and received his PhD at University College London. His doctoral thesis was on the translation of classical military theory following the Seven Years’ War (1756–63).

• AcknowledgmentsContributorsIntroduction1The Context of the Translation1.1The Military Enlightenment1.2War and Peace1.3The Suppression of the Jesuits1.4The China mission1.5The Standing of China at the Outbreak of the Seven Years’ War1.6The Physiocrats1.7The Correspondance littéraire1Translating theSunzi1The Texts2Sources3Approaching Translation4Language Barriers2Joseph Amiot’sSunzi1Notes on the English Translation2Preface by the Publisher, Joseph de Guignes3Translator’s Preface4The Emperor’s Preface to the Ten Precepts Addressed to Men at Arms3The Thirteen Chapters on Military Art, a Work Composed in Chinese by SunziPreface1The Fundamentals of Military Art2On the Beginning of the Campaign3On What One Needs to have Thought of Before a Battle4On the Positioning of Troops5On Skill in the Leading of Troops6On Fullness and Emptiness7On the Advantages to Be Secured8On the Nine Changes9On the Conduct of Troops10On Knowledge of the Landscape11On the Nine Types of Terrain12Guide to How to Fight with Fire13On How to Make Use of Dissension and Sow Discord4Interpreting Amiot’sSunzi1Utility2Science, Art, and Perspective3Grande science and Grand Art4La Doctrine: The Way5Benevolence6A Second Reading5Postscript: Strategy and Revolution1Responses to the Art Militaire2Henri Bertin’s Correspondance Militaire3StrategyAppendix 1: Joseph Amiot’s Letter to Henri Bertin, Beijing, September 23, 1766Appendix 2: Amiot’s LifeFamily BackgroundEducationA Jesuit in the Kingdom of FranceJourney to and Arrival in BeijingThe French MissionEarly Years (1751–64)The Appeal of Chinese MusicAmiot’s Scientific ResearchAmiot’s Contact with European AcademiesAmiot’s Major Period of WritingThe Abolition of the Society of JesusWriter, Translator, and CorrespondentFurther Research into Chinese MusicLater YearsFinal Works: Chinese Dances and Scientific ResearchA Major Shock: The Impact of the Revolutionary Upheaval in FranceAmiot the MissionaryHis Network of ContactsOther WorksEthno-linguisticsHistoryScienceArtPortraits of AmiotBibliographyIndex

“The Mandate of Heaven is a welcome addition to studies on French Jesuits and their impact on the Enlightenment. Parr and the other contributors to the volume are to be applauded for their contributions to understanding eighteenth-century Jesuit missionary culture and the global connections that facilitated and inspired the Enlightenment.” - Daniel J. Watkins, Baylor University, in: Journal of Jesuit Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2020), pp. 687-689