Managing and Developing Sports Officials

Tom Webb is Associate Professor in the Centre for Business in Society at Coventry University, UK. His research focuses on abuse, aggression, and maltreatment of sports officials, the mental health and well-being of sports officials, and the governance and careers of officials. He is also the founder of the Referee and Match Official Research Network.David J. Hancock is Associate Professor in the School of Human Kinetics and Recreation at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. His primary research interest is centered on understanding the psychology of sport officiating, including group dynamics, mental health, and decision-making.Pamm Phillips is Professor at the Deakin Business School in the Faculty of Business and Law at Deakin University, Australia. She is a member of the Centre for Sport Research and the Women in Sport and Exercise group. Prof. Phillip’s research is focused on volunteers (including referees) and sport development.Jacob K. Tingle is Associate Professor in the Michael Neidorff School of Business at Trinity University, USA. His research explores organizational systems and structures that enhance or detract from the experiences of sport volunteers and contract staff. Sports officials (referees and umpires) are a population of significant interest.

• 1 Introduction Tom Webb, David J. Hancock, Jacob K. Tingle, and Pamm PhillipsPART ISports Officiating History, Governance, and Workforce 2 Historical and Sociological Perspectives of Officiating Aaron Smith and Lynn L. Ridinger3 Coordination of Officials, Governing Bodies, and On-Field Personnel Sarah B. Williams, Brittany Jacobs, and Adie L. Hughes4 Profiling the Official Workforce Lochlin Hamer, Pamm Phillips, Jonathan Robertson, and Steve Swanson5 Part I Editor’s Conclusion Pamm Phillips, Jacob K. Tingle, Tom Webb, and David J. HancockPART IIRecruiting, Retaining, and Supporting Sports Officials 6 Inclusive, Equitable, and Supportive Environments Are Essential to the Recruitment and Retention of Sports Officials Lori A. Livingston and Susan L. Forbes7 Career Development of Officials Clare MacMahon and Juanita R. Weissensteiner8 Building Community and Culture for Sports Officials Stacy Warner and Vanessa Bright9 Mentoring in Officiating April Flint, Jacob K. Tingle, and Zachery Klotz10 Mental Health in Sports Match Officials Tom Lishman, Noel E. Brick, Gavin Breslin, and Stephen Shannon11 Part II Editor’s Conclusion Jacob K. Tingle, Pamm Phillips, Tom Webb, and David J. HancockPART IIIDeveloping and Testing Sports Officials’ Skills 12 Building Knowledge of the Game to Make Effective Decisions Duncan R. D. Mascarenhas13 The Acquisition of Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise in Sports Officials: Can We Make the Human Brain Smarter and Faster? Werner F. Helsen, Sasho Danevski, João Dias,Dan Monea, Milovan Ristić, and Javier Sánchez Sánchez14 Sports Officials’ Decision-Making Biases Paul Larkin, Aden Kittel, and Ian Cunningham15 Movement, Positioning, and Awareness for Officials Nathan Elsworthy and Matthew R. Blair16 Fitness Testing and Preparation for Performance Carlo Castagna17 Group Dynamics and Managing Interactions Kyle F. Paradis18 Mental Toughness and Resilience in OfficiatingMinjung Kim, Claire C. Zvosec, Brent D. Oja, and Paul Yuseung Doh19 Part III Editor’s Conclusion David J. Hancock, Jacob K. Tingle, Pamm Phillips, and Tom Webb20 Conclusion Tom Webb, David J. Hancock, Jacob K. Tingle, and Pamm Phillips