• Introduction; Chapter 1 Changing Worlds and Changing People: A Definition of the Late Victorian and Edwardian London Clerk; Chapter 2 The Clerk, The Office and Work: Changing Horizons; Chapter 3 Attitudes of the Clerk Towards Work; Chapter 4 Work, Income, Promotion and Stability: The Late Victorian and Edwardian London Clerk Revisited; Chapter 5 The Mechanization and Feminization of the Office, 1870–1914: Threats or Opportunities?; Chapter 6 Education, Merit and Patronage: The London Clerical Market; Chapter 7 Commercial Education and The Clerk; Chapter 8 Clerical Trade Unions, Associations and Collective Organizations; conclusion Conclusion;

'Challenging both popular prejudices and scholarly orthodoxies in his meticulous study of London clerical workers at the turn of the twentieth century, Heller argues that this giant, regimented, and increasingly mechanized class of wage laborers did indeed find meaning at the office.' Victorian Studies 'a revealing and thoroughly researched study' Business History 'sheds important new light on the day-to-day lives of the hundreds of thousands of young men who helped transform the world of work in the City of London.' Journal of British Studies

• Introduction; Chapter 1 Changing Worlds and Changing People: A Definition of the Late Victorian and Edwardian London Clerk; Chapter 2 The Clerk, The Office and Work: Changing Horizons; Chapter 3 Attitudes of the Clerk Towards Work; Chapter 4 Work, Income, Promotion and Stability: The Late Victorian and Edwardian London Clerk Revisited; Chapter 5 The Mechanization and Feminization of the Office, 1870–1914: Threats or Opportunities?; Chapter 6 Education, Merit and Patronage: The London Clerical Market; Chapter 7 Commercial Education and The Clerk; Chapter 8 Clerical Trade Unions, Associations and Collective Organizations; conclusion Conclusion;

'Challenging both popular prejudices and scholarly orthodoxies in his meticulous study of London clerical workers at the turn of the twentieth century, Heller argues that this giant, regimented, and increasingly mechanized class of wage laborers did indeed find meaning at the office.' Victorian Studies 'a revealing and thoroughly researched study' Business History 'sheds important new light on the day-to-day lives of the hundreds of thousands of young men who helped transform the world of work in the City of London.' Journal of British Studies

• Introduction; Chapter 1 Changing Worlds and Changing People: A Definition of the Late Victorian and Edwardian London Clerk; Chapter 2 The Clerk, The Office and Work: Changing Horizons; Chapter 3 Attitudes of the Clerk Towards Work; Chapter 4 Work, Income, Promotion and Stability: The Late Victorian and Edwardian London Clerk Revisited; Chapter 5 The Mechanization and Feminization of the Office, 1870–1914: Threats or Opportunities?; Chapter 6 Education, Merit and Patronage: The London Clerical Market; Chapter 7 Commercial Education and The Clerk; Chapter 8 Clerical Trade Unions, Associations and Collective Organizations; conclusion Conclusion;

'Challenging both popular prejudices and scholarly orthodoxies in his meticulous study of London clerical workers at the turn of the twentieth century, Heller argues that this giant, regimented, and increasingly mechanized class of wage laborers did indeed find meaning at the office.' Victorian Studies 'a revealing and thoroughly researched study' Business History 'sheds important new light on the day-to-day lives of the hundreds of thousands of young men who helped transform the world of work in the City of London.' Journal of British Studies