Edited by Michael Heller, Lawrence A. Wien Professor of Real Estate Law, Columbia Law School, Columbia University, US

• Contents:Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroduction Michael HellerPART IPRECURSORSACommons1. Aristotle, ‘Discussion of Ideal States’2. H. Scott Gordon (1954), ‘The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery’BAnticommons3. Augustin Cournot (1838/1960), ‘Of the Mutual Relations of Producers’4. Frank I. Michelman (1982), ‘Ethics, Economics and the Law of Property’PART IICOMMONS ATheory5. Garrett Hardin (1968), ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’6. Elinor Ostrom (1990), ‘Reflections on the Commons’7. Thráinn Eggertsson (2002), ‘Open Access versus Common Property’8. Carol Rose (1986), ‘The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property’BSolutions9. Elinor Ostrom (1999), ‘Coping with Tragedies of the Commons’10. Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller (2001), ‘The Liberal Commons’11. Shirli Kopelman, J. Mark Weber and David M. Messick (2002), ‘Factors Influencing Cooperation in Commons Dilemmas: A Review of Experimental Psychological Research’PART IIIANTICOMMONS ATheory12. Michael Heller (1998), ‘The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets’13. Michael Heller (2008), ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’BEconomics14. James M. Buchanan and Yong J. Yoon (2000), ‘Symmetric Tragedies: Commons and Anticommons’15. Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and Ben Depoorter (2005), ‘Duality in Property: Commons and Anticommons’16. Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and Ben Depoorter (2004), ‘Simultaneous and Sequential Anticommons’17. Giuseppe Dari-Matiacci and Francesco Parisi (2006), ‘Substituting Complements’18. Ben Depoorter and Sven Vanneste (2006), ‘Putting Humpty Dumpty Back Together: Experimental Evidence of Anticommons Tragedies’Name Index Volume IIAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume IPART ITHE NEW SPECTRUM ALinking Commons and Anticommons1. Lee Anne Fennell (2004), ‘Common Interest Tragedies’2. Stephen R. Munzer (2005), ‘The Commons and the Anticommons in the Law and Theory of Property’3. Carol M. Rose (2000), ‘Left Brain, Right Brain, and History in the New Law and Economics of Property’BThe Economy of Property Forms4. Harold Demsetz (1967), ‘Toward a Theory of Property Rights’5. Michael Heller (1999), ‘The Boundaries of Private Property’6. Henry E. Smith (2000), ‘Semicommon Property Rights and Scattering in the Open Fields’7. Henry Hansmann and Reiner Kraakman (2002), ‘Property, Contract, and Verification: The “Numerous Clausus” Problem and the Divisibility of Rights’PART IIAPPLICATION OF ANTICOMMONS THEORY APatents8. Michael Heller and Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1998), ‘Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research’9. Carl Shapiro (2001), ‘Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licences, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting’10. Fiona Murray and Scott Stern (2007), ‘Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anti-Commons Hypothesis’11. Rosemarie Ham Ziedonis (2004), ‘Don’t Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms’BMore Intangible Property 12. Francesco Parisi and Ben Depoorter (2002), ‘Fair Use and Copyright Protection: A Price Theory Explanation’13. Thomas W. Hazlett (2005), ‘Spectrum Tragedies’CReal Property14. Gary D. Libecap and James L. Smith (2002), ‘The Economic Evolution of Petroleum Property Rights in the United States’15. Abraham Bell and Gideon Parchomovsky (2003), ‘Of Property and Antiproperty’16. Mark D. West and Emily M. Morris (2003), ‘The Tragedy of the Condominiums: Legal Responses to Collective Action After the Kobe Earthquake’17. Russell S. Sobel and Peter T. Leeson (2006), ‘Government’s Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Public Choice Analysis’Name Index

‘Michael Heller’s Commons and Anticommons could not be more timely. Scholars from a wide variety of disciplines have long been familiar with the problems of the commons, but far less so with respect to the anticommons. No one has done more illuminating work on this surprisingly ubiquitous predicament than Heller. In this book he has very usefully assembled all of the most significant writings on both problems and presented them in a format that covers both the theoretical and applied dimensions of commons and anticommons. This is a singularly valuable book for both scholars and policy analysts.’

Edited by Michael Heller, Lawrence A. Wien Professor of Real Estate Law, Columbia Law School, Columbia University, US

• Contents:Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroduction Michael HellerPART IPRECURSORSACommons1. Aristotle, ‘Discussion of Ideal States’2. H. Scott Gordon (1954), ‘The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery’BAnticommons3. Augustin Cournot (1838/1960), ‘Of the Mutual Relations of Producers’4. Frank I. Michelman (1982), ‘Ethics, Economics and the Law of Property’PART IICOMMONS ATheory5. Garrett Hardin (1968), ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’6. Elinor Ostrom (1990), ‘Reflections on the Commons’7. Thráinn Eggertsson (2002), ‘Open Access versus Common Property’8. Carol Rose (1986), ‘The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property’BSolutions9. Elinor Ostrom (1999), ‘Coping with Tragedies of the Commons’10. Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller (2001), ‘The Liberal Commons’11. Shirli Kopelman, J. Mark Weber and David M. Messick (2002), ‘Factors Influencing Cooperation in Commons Dilemmas: A Review of Experimental Psychological Research’PART IIIANTICOMMONS ATheory12. Michael Heller (1998), ‘The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets’13. Michael Heller (2008), ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’BEconomics14. James M. Buchanan and Yong J. Yoon (2000), ‘Symmetric Tragedies: Commons and Anticommons’15. Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and Ben Depoorter (2005), ‘Duality in Property: Commons and Anticommons’16. Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and Ben Depoorter (2004), ‘Simultaneous and Sequential Anticommons’17. Giuseppe Dari-Matiacci and Francesco Parisi (2006), ‘Substituting Complements’18. Ben Depoorter and Sven Vanneste (2006), ‘Putting Humpty Dumpty Back Together: Experimental Evidence of Anticommons Tragedies’Name Index Volume IIAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume IPART ITHE NEW SPECTRUM ALinking Commons and Anticommons1. Lee Anne Fennell (2004), ‘Common Interest Tragedies’2. Stephen R. Munzer (2005), ‘The Commons and the Anticommons in the Law and Theory of Property’3. Carol M. Rose (2000), ‘Left Brain, Right Brain, and History in the New Law and Economics of Property’BThe Economy of Property Forms4. Harold Demsetz (1967), ‘Toward a Theory of Property Rights’5. Michael Heller (1999), ‘The Boundaries of Private Property’6. Henry E. Smith (2000), ‘Semicommon Property Rights and Scattering in the Open Fields’7. Henry Hansmann and Reiner Kraakman (2002), ‘Property, Contract, and Verification: The “Numerous Clausus” Problem and the Divisibility of Rights’PART IIAPPLICATION OF ANTICOMMONS THEORY APatents8. Michael Heller and Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1998), ‘Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research’9. Carl Shapiro (2001), ‘Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licences, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting’10. Fiona Murray and Scott Stern (2007), ‘Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anti-Commons Hypothesis’11. Rosemarie Ham Ziedonis (2004), ‘Don’t Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms’BMore Intangible Property 12. Francesco Parisi and Ben Depoorter (2002), ‘Fair Use and Copyright Protection: A Price Theory Explanation’13. Thomas W. Hazlett (2005), ‘Spectrum Tragedies’CReal Property14. Gary D. Libecap and James L. Smith (2002), ‘The Economic Evolution of Petroleum Property Rights in the United States’15. Abraham Bell and Gideon Parchomovsky (2003), ‘Of Property and Antiproperty’16. Mark D. West and Emily M. Morris (2003), ‘The Tragedy of the Condominiums: Legal Responses to Collective Action After the Kobe Earthquake’17. Russell S. Sobel and Peter T. Leeson (2006), ‘Government’s Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Public Choice Analysis’Name Index

‘Michael Heller’s Commons and Anticommons could not be more timely. Scholars from a wide variety of disciplines have long been familiar with the problems of the commons, but far less so with respect to the anticommons. No one has done more illuminating work on this surprisingly ubiquitous predicament than Heller. In this book he has very usefully assembled all of the most significant writings on both problems and presented them in a format that covers both the theoretical and applied dimensions of commons and anticommons. This is a singularly valuable book for both scholars and policy analysts.’

Edited by Michael Heller, Lawrence A. Wien Professor of Real Estate Law, Columbia Law School, Columbia University, US

• Contents:Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroduction Michael HellerPART IPRECURSORSACommons1. Aristotle, ‘Discussion of Ideal States’2. H. Scott Gordon (1954), ‘The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery’BAnticommons3. Augustin Cournot (1838/1960), ‘Of the Mutual Relations of Producers’4. Frank I. Michelman (1982), ‘Ethics, Economics and the Law of Property’PART IICOMMONS ATheory5. Garrett Hardin (1968), ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’6. Elinor Ostrom (1990), ‘Reflections on the Commons’7. Thráinn Eggertsson (2002), ‘Open Access versus Common Property’8. Carol Rose (1986), ‘The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property’BSolutions9. Elinor Ostrom (1999), ‘Coping with Tragedies of the Commons’10. Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller (2001), ‘The Liberal Commons’11. Shirli Kopelman, J. Mark Weber and David M. Messick (2002), ‘Factors Influencing Cooperation in Commons Dilemmas: A Review of Experimental Psychological Research’PART IIIANTICOMMONS ATheory12. Michael Heller (1998), ‘The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets’13. Michael Heller (2008), ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’BEconomics14. James M. Buchanan and Yong J. Yoon (2000), ‘Symmetric Tragedies: Commons and Anticommons’15. Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and Ben Depoorter (2005), ‘Duality in Property: Commons and Anticommons’16. Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and Ben Depoorter (2004), ‘Simultaneous and Sequential Anticommons’17. Giuseppe Dari-Matiacci and Francesco Parisi (2006), ‘Substituting Complements’18. Ben Depoorter and Sven Vanneste (2006), ‘Putting Humpty Dumpty Back Together: Experimental Evidence of Anticommons Tragedies’Name Index Volume IIAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume IPART ITHE NEW SPECTRUM ALinking Commons and Anticommons1. Lee Anne Fennell (2004), ‘Common Interest Tragedies’2. Stephen R. Munzer (2005), ‘The Commons and the Anticommons in the Law and Theory of Property’3. Carol M. Rose (2000), ‘Left Brain, Right Brain, and History in the New Law and Economics of Property’BThe Economy of Property Forms4. Harold Demsetz (1967), ‘Toward a Theory of Property Rights’5. Michael Heller (1999), ‘The Boundaries of Private Property’6. Henry E. Smith (2000), ‘Semicommon Property Rights and Scattering in the Open Fields’7. Henry Hansmann and Reiner Kraakman (2002), ‘Property, Contract, and Verification: The “Numerous Clausus” Problem and the Divisibility of Rights’PART IIAPPLICATION OF ANTICOMMONS THEORY APatents8. Michael Heller and Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1998), ‘Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research’9. Carl Shapiro (2001), ‘Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licences, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting’10. Fiona Murray and Scott Stern (2007), ‘Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anti-Commons Hypothesis’11. Rosemarie Ham Ziedonis (2004), ‘Don’t Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms’BMore Intangible Property 12. Francesco Parisi and Ben Depoorter (2002), ‘Fair Use and Copyright Protection: A Price Theory Explanation’13. Thomas W. Hazlett (2005), ‘Spectrum Tragedies’CReal Property14. Gary D. Libecap and James L. Smith (2002), ‘The Economic Evolution of Petroleum Property Rights in the United States’15. Abraham Bell and Gideon Parchomovsky (2003), ‘Of Property and Antiproperty’16. Mark D. West and Emily M. Morris (2003), ‘The Tragedy of the Condominiums: Legal Responses to Collective Action After the Kobe Earthquake’17. Russell S. Sobel and Peter T. Leeson (2006), ‘Government’s Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Public Choice Analysis’Name Index

‘Michael Heller’s Commons and Anticommons could not be more timely. Scholars from a wide variety of disciplines have long been familiar with the problems of the commons, but far less so with respect to the anticommons. No one has done more illuminating work on this surprisingly ubiquitous predicament than Heller. In this book he has very usefully assembled all of the most significant writings on both problems and presented them in a format that covers both the theoretical and applied dimensions of commons and anticommons. This is a singularly valuable book for both scholars and policy analysts.’