Liver Diseases

Suzanne Sargent is a Lecturer Practitioner at the Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital and at Kings College London.

• List of contributors ForewordAcknowledgements1 Anatomy and physiologyIntroductionThe liverHepatic microstructureCarbohydrate metabolismFat metabolismProtein metabolismClotting factorsStorage of vitamins/ironBlood cleansingProcessing of drugs and other xenobioticsExcocrine functionBilirubinLiver cirrhosis/fibrosisChapter summary2 Assessment of liver function and diagnostic studiesIntroductionPatient historySigns of liver diseaseLaboratory testsDiagnostic studiesComplications and considerationsChapter summaryIllustrative case study3 JaundiceIntroductionClassification of jaundiceBilirubin formationBile functionsDiseases of bilirubin metabolismInvestigationsMalabsorptionGallbladder diseaseDrug-induced jaundiceIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancyAdditional considerationsChapter summaryIllustrative case study4 Portal hypertensionIntroductionDefinitionCausesConsequencesClinical featuresInvestigationsManagement of variceal haemorrhageChapter summaryIllustrative case study5 Ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hyponatraemia and hepatorenal failureIntroductionDefinitionClassificationPathogenesis of ascites formationDiagnosisTreatmentSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisHyponatraemiaHepatorenal syndromeChapter summaryIllustrative case study6 Hepatic encephalopathyIntroductionDefinitionPathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathyClassification of hepatic encephalopathyDiagnosis and investigationsTreatment and management of hepatic encephalopathyHepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failureChapter summaryIllustrative case study7 Alcohol-related liver diseaseIntroductionIncidenceMetabolism of alcoholPathophysiologyClinical featuresAlcoholic hepatitisNursing considerationsAlcohol-withdrawal therapies and protocolsChapter summaryIllustrative case study8 Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseIntroductionDefinitionDisease prevalenceRisk factorsNatural history of NAFLDClinical featuresDiagnosisPathogenesisDisease managementChapter summaryIllustrative case study9 Viral hepatitisIntroductionHepatitis A virusHepatitis E virusHepatitis B virusHepatitis D virusHepatitis C virusHepatitis and HIV co-infectionChapter summaryIllustrative case study10 Autoimmune hepatitisIntroductionPathogenesisClinical featuresClassificationDiagnosisComplicationsVariant syndromeTreatmentPregnancy and autoimmune hepatitisLiver transplantationChapter summaryIllustrative case study11 Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitisIntroductionPrimary biliary cirrhosisPrimary sclerosing cholangitisChapter summaryIllustrative case study12 Metabolic liver diseaseIntroductionWilson’s diseaseHaemochromatosisAlpha-1-antitryspin deficiencyCystic fibrosisPorphyriaChapter summaryIllustrative case study13 Acute liver failureIntroductionDefinitionAetiologyPresentationTransfer criteriaDisease managementLiver transplantationChapter summaryIllustrative case study14 Nutrition in liver diseaseIntroductionMalnutrition and nutritional assessmentDietetic management of ascitesNutrition in hepatic encephalopathyMalabsorption and steatorrhoeaDiabetes in liver diseaseOsteodystrophyTypes of nutritional support in chronic liver diseaseNutritional support in alcoholic liver diseaseRefeeding syndromeNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasePost-transplant nutritionChapter summary15 Drug-induced liver injuryIntroductionMechanisms of hepatotoxicityDiagnosis of drug-induced liver injuryClassification of drug injuryCommonly used drugs that cause hepatotoxicityHerbal remedies for treatment in liver diseaseChapter summaryIllustrative case study16 Pregnancy-related liver diseaseIntroductionNormal changes during pregnancyLiver diseases specific to pregnancyPregnancy in pre-existing liver diseasePregnancy post liver transplantationChapter summaryIllustrative case study17 Hepatobiliary malignanciesIntroductionDefinitionPrimary liver cancerBile duct cancerSecondary liver cancerDiagnosing hepatobiliary malignancyTreatment optionsNursing managementChapter summaryIllustrative case study18 Liver transplantationIntroductionIndications for liver transplantationPretransplant assessmentPretransplant educationConsentWaiting list managementAllocation of organsLiver transplant surgeryImmunosuppressive therapyGraft rejectionDischarge planning and patient informationQuality of life following liver transplantationLong-term management in the liver recipientChapter summaryIllustrative case studyIndex