L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition

Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSCUniversity of WestminsterFaculty of Science & TechnologyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesLondon, United KingdomVictor R. Preedy, BSc, PhD, DScProfessorKing’s College LondonDept Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutritional Sciences DivisionSchool of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins BuildingLondon, United KingdomRajkumar Rajendram, AKC, BSc (Hons), MBBS (Dist), MRCP (UK), FRCA, EDIC, FFICMNutritional Sciences Research DivisionFaculty of Life Science and MedicineKing's College LondonFranklin-Wilkins BuildingLondon, United Kingdom

• Section 1: Basic Processes at theCellular Levels.- Arginineuptake by cells.- L-arginine and theexpression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins.- AMP-activatedprotein kinase and L-arginine.- Amidine-basedcompounds affecting arginine metabolism.-Oxy- and sulfoanalogues of L-arginine.-Regulation of expression and activity of L-arginine transporters bynutrients and hormones: A focus in transcriptional mechanisms regulated byglucose and insulin.- Arginine, pancreatic beta cell function anddiabetes: mechanisms of stimulated insulin release and pathways of metabolism.- Erythrocytesby-products of arginine catabolism.- Section 2: Arginine Metabolismand Functions.- Argininesynthesis from enteral proline.- Arginineand macrophages: role in classical and alternative activation.- Arginineand TNF alpha production in macrophages: a focus on metabolism, ageing,metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.- Argininemetabolism impairment during sepsis and diseases: causes and consequences.-Use of argininewith Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the endocrine response.- Serumarginase in healthy subjects and nitric oxide.- Section 3: Arginine Status in Cells Related to Organ Damage andDisease.- Protein Arginine Methylation of RNA-binding Proteins and TheirImpact on Human Diseases.- DNA-arginineadducts and implications in disease.- Homoarginineand L-arginine: Glycine amidinotransferase in stroke.- The L-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio inhealth and disease: an overview.- Arginineand its transporters in colorectal cancer.-Arginine Uptake and Its Role in the Survival of Breast Cancer Cells.- Section 4: Arginine Status and Use inHealthy Individuals.- Arginine production during pregnancy.- L-arginine in the uterus andplacenta and during gestation in mammals.-Oral L-arginine supplementation in young males: endocrinology, metabolic,and physiological responses at rest and during exercise.- Metabolicprecursors of L-Arginine supplementation in sport: a focus on L-Citrulline andL-Ornithine.- Section 5: Arginine andDiseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Arginine and its use in ameliorating Cryptosporidium parvum infection inundernourished children.- Arginineand Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) .- Dietary L-arginine and intestinalrecovery.- Enteral andparenteral arginine supplementation in intestinal ischemia and reperfusioninjury.- Mucosal Protection byArginine in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.- Enteral L-arginine and necrotizing enterocolitis.- Section 6: Therapeutic uses of Arginine:Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases.- L-arginine usage in Type Idiabetes: From the autoimmune event to human dietary supplementation.- Oral l-arginine supplementation andglucose metabolism and vascular function.-Arginine enriched apples and diabetic control.- Beneficial impact of cod protein, arginine and otheramino acids on insulin sensitivity.- Obese subjects and supplementalL-arginine.- Mitochondrial cardiomyopathyand usage of L-arginine.- ArginineMeasurement and Concentrations in Hypertension and other Cardiovascular Disease.- L-Arginineand cardiovascular disease.- Arginine therapy in sickle celldisease.- Section 7: Therapeutic Uses of Arginine: Cancer, WoundHealing and Infectious Disease.- Role of arginine in surgicalpatients with head and neck cancer.- Arginine-IncorporatedAlbumin Mesospheres: A Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy.- Use of L-arginine and glycinesupplementation to reduce radiotherapy damage.- Arginine in Cancer Therapy.- Mechanisms of Arginine-AuxotrophicResponse and Their Cancer Therapeutic Implications.- The role of arginine in wound healing.- L-arginine and bacterial translocation: implications for health.- L-arginine in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Argininein Health and Disease: Recommended Resources and Further Reading.