Introduction to FACTS Controllers

Kalyan K. Sen, PhD, PE, was a key member of the FACTS development team at Westinghouse Science & Technology Center, where he developed some of the basic concepts of FACTS technology. With more than twenty years of experience in academia and industry, he has twenty-five patents and publications in the areas of FACTS and power electronics. He served as the technical program chair of the 2008 Power & Energy Society General Meeting. He has been serving as an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer since 2002. Mey Ling Sen, Mee, was a consultant engineer at the Westinghouse Electro-Mechanical Division Technology Center. Currently, she is the President of SEN Engineering Solutions. Ms. Sen is the co-inventor of the Sen transformer, which is the most efficient, reliable, and cost-effective FACTS controller.

• Foreword. Preface.Acknowledgements.Nomenclature.1. Applications of FACTS Controllers.2. Power Flow Control Concepts.2.1 Theory.2.2 Implementation of Power Flow Control Concepts.2.3 Interline Power Flow Concept.3. Modeling Principles.3.1 The Modeling in EMTP.3.2 Vector Phase-Locked Loop (VPLL).3.3 Transmission Line Steady-State Resistance Calculator.3.4 Simulation of an Independent PFC in a Single Line Application.4. Transformer-Based FACTS Controllers.4.1 Voltage Regulating Transformer (VRT).4.2 Phase Angle Regulator (PAR).5. Mechanically Switched FACTS controllers.5.1 Shunt Compensation.5.2 Series Compensation.Chapter 6: Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC).6.1 Modeling an Ideal VSC.6.2 DC-to-AC VSC.6.3 Discussion.7. Two-Level Pole Design.7.1 A Three-Phase, Six-Pulse VSC with Two-Level Poles.7.2 Analysis of a Pole.8. VSC-Based FACTS Controllers.8.1 Shunt Compensation.8.2 Series Compensation.8.3 Shunt-Series Compensation Using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).9. Sen Transformer.9.1 Existing Solutions.9.2 Desired Solution.9.3 Comparison Among the VRT, PAR, UPFC, and ST.9.4 Multiline Sen Transformer.9.5 Flexible Operation of the ST.9.6 ST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages.9.7 Limited Angle Operation of the ST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages.9.8 MST with Shunt-Connected Compensating Voltages.9.9 Generalized Sen Transformer.9.10 Summary.Appendix A. Miscellaneous.Appendix B. Power Flow Control Equation in a Lossy Transmission Line.Appendix C. EMTP Files.Bibliography.Index.About he Authors.

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