High Voltage Protection for Telecommunications

STEVEN W. BLUME is President and CEO of Applied Professional Training, Inc., a world-class technical training company serving both the electric power and telecommunications industries. Mr. Blume has extensive experience in power systems planning, design, construction, and operations of major power plants, lines and substations. His telecommunications experience includes work with fiber optics, microwave, radio, power line carrier, and copper systems in high voltage environments.

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Author xv1 Overview of High Voltage Protection for Telecommunications 1Basic Purpose and Applications 2The HV Protection Challenge 3HV Isolation Standards 72 Electric Power System Fundamentals 11Power Terminology for Telecommunications 12Electric Power System Overview 21AC Voltage Generation 23Substation Equipment 31Transmission Lines 44Distribution Lines 45System Protection Equipment and Concepts 473 Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and Zone of Influence 63Introduction to Ground Potential Rise (GPR) 64GPR 65GPR Locations 66Factors Affecting GPR 71Calculation of GPR 86ZOI 88Earth Resistivity 91GPR and ZOI Calculation Methods 95Lightning Faults 107Electromagnetic Induction under Fault Conditions 109Total Electrical Cable Stress 118The Role of Protection Engineers 1194 Critical Telecommunications Circuits in HV Environments 121General 122Service Performance Objectives (SPOs) 122North America Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Standards 125Protective Relaying Schemes that Require Class A Circuits 126Power Applications that Require Class B Circuits 131Power Communication Service Types 136Smart Grid and Cyber Security 1395 High Voltage Protection Equipment 143General 144Basic Shunt Protection 144Levels of Protection 149Special Consideration for Nearby Facilities 1666 Level III HV Protection Equipment, Installation, and Testing 167General 168Level III Copper HVI Components 169Copper HVI System Design 181Copper HVI Installation Examples 191Copper HVI System Initial Testing 195Copper HVI Maintenance and Inspection 197Fiber HVI Systems Installation 199Fiber HVI Installation Examples 202Wireless Sites on Electrical Power Towers 205Protection at Non-Power Company Locations 2117 Personnel Safety Working with HV Protection Equipment 217Electrical Safety 218Electrical Protection Priorities 218Touch and Step Potentials 219Glossary 227Appendix: Service Request Form 231Bibliography 235Index 237

“It is certainly a worthwhile book for anyone who needs to understand the theory of basic telecommunicationcircuit protection and the practical protection methods in use today.”  (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,1 January 2013)