Michael Herman was an intelligence practitioner, and author of the acclaimed Intelligence Power in Peace and War (1996) among other works. Among his senior roles during a thirty-five year career in Her Majesty’s Civil Service, he was Secretary of the Joint Intelligence Committee from 1972-75, and Head of several GCHQ Divisions in the 1970s-80s. After his professional retirement, he was a Gwilym Gibbon Research Fellow at Nuffield College Oxford and founding director of the Oxford Intelligence Group. David Schaefer is a researcher in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London. He was previously a Junior Research Fellow at Ormond College in the University of Melbourne, and a Research Associate at Asialink Diplomacy.