Suman Fernando is Honorary Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at London Metropolitan University, UK.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. How 'race' began, and the emergence of psychiatry and clinical psychology.- 3. Race thinking and racism become the norm.- 4. New racisms appear in the 1960s.- 5. Racism in a context of multiculturalism.- 6. Struggle against racism in the UK.- 7. Persistence of racism through white power.- 8. Racism post 9/11.- 9. Racism with the advent of Trump and after Brexit.

Suman Fernando is Honorary Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at London Metropolitan University, UK.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. How 'race' began, and the emergence of psychiatry and clinical psychology.- 3. Race thinking and racism become the norm.- 4. New racisms appear in the 1960s.- 5. Racism in a context of multiculturalism.- 6. Struggle against racism in the UK.- 7. Persistence of racism through white power.- 8. Racism post 9/11.- 9. Racism with the advent of Trump and after Brexit.

Suman Fernando is Honorary Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at London Metropolitan University, UK.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. How 'race' began, and the emergence of psychiatry and clinical psychology.- 3. Race thinking and racism become the norm.- 4. New racisms appear in the 1960s.- 5. Racism in a context of multiculturalism.- 6. Struggle against racism in the UK.- 7. Persistence of racism through white power.- 8. Racism post 9/11.- 9. Racism with the advent of Trump and after Brexit.