Urszula Augustyniak is Professor at the Department of Modern History at the University of Warsaw, where she is head of the team Old Polish Cultural History.

• Contents: Physiognomy of the Commonwealth – Political System and Form of Government – Judiciary - Finances - Army – State and Churches – Economy – Society – Social ties and conditions of life – Culture and Ideology – Social communication - Education - Alphabetization – Arts and Science – Literature.

Urszula Augustyniak is Professor at the Department of Modern History at the University of Warsaw, where she is head of the team Old Polish Cultural History.

• Contents: Physiognomy of the Commonwealth – Political System and Form of Government – Judiciary - Finances - Army – State and Churches – Economy – Society – Social ties and conditions of life – Culture and Ideology – Social communication - Education - Alphabetization – Arts and Science – Literature.

Urszula Augustyniak is Professor at the Department of Modern History at the University of Warsaw, where she is head of the team Old Polish Cultural History.

• Contents: Physiognomy of the Commonwealth – Political System and Form of Government – Judiciary - Finances - Army – State and Churches – Economy – Society – Social ties and conditions of life – Culture and Ideology – Social communication - Education - Alphabetization – Arts and Science – Literature.