Anne E. Austin, Ph.D. (2014), University of California - Los Angeles, is an Assistant Professor of History in the University of Missouri - St. Louis. Her research combines textual and osteological data to inform about daily life in ancient Egypt including topics covering medicine, health, and tattooing.

• AcknowledgmentsList of FiguresList of Tables1 Introduction1 A Mythical History of Human Health2 Correcting the Myth by Redefining Health and Disease3 How to Understand Health in the Past4 A Case Study on the History of Health at Deir el-Medina5 The Path Toward Understanding Illness and Care at Deir el-Medina6 A Note on Translations and Names2 A New Theoretical Approach to Ancient Health1 The Biopsychosocial Model as a Scalar Approach to Health2 Quantifying Health in Bioarchaeology through Stress Models3 The Osteological Paradox and its Impact on Interpreting Health Patterns in the Past4 Explaining Health Patterns at Scale: The Goldilocks Problem5 Revealing Hidden Heterogeneity in Frailty with the Social Determinants of Health6 Studying Health and Care in Past Populations: A Case Study at Deir el-Medina3 The Place, The Community, and The Evidence1 The Place2 The Community3 Texts as Evidence for Health Patterns and Health Experiences at Deir el-Medina4 Human Remains at Deir el-Medina5 Demography and Representation in the Human Remains from Tombs 217, 290, and 2986 Bringing Together the Evidence4 Finding Health and Stress at Deir el-Medina1 Comparing Skeletal Stress Indicators in the Nile Valley and Beyond2 Indicators of Stress in Childhood3 Adolescent Health at Deir el-Medina4 Adult Health at Deir el-Medina5 Understanding Stress and Health and Deir el-Medina5 Forging Social Support1 Social Support and its Connection to Improved Health Outcomes2 Was Social Support an Emic Concept at Deir el-Medina?3 Who Provided and Who Received Social Support4 Provisioning5 The Principle of Reciprocal Giving6 Securing Social Support through the Legal System7 Forms and Strategies of Social Support at Deir el-Medina and their Connection to Stress8 Physical Limitations and Social Support at Deir el-Medina9 Social Support and Health Outcomes at Deir el-Medina6 Accessing Healthcare1 Linking Health Care Access to Community Health Outcomes2 Healthcare Professionals at Deir el-Medina3 Medical Literacy4 Healthcare Access in the human remains: Three Case Studies5 Healthcare Access and Health Outcomes at Deir el-Medina7 Maintaining Economic Stability1 Economic Stability and its Connection to Improved Health Outcomes2 Placing Economic Stability into the Past3 Accessing Necessities through the Royal Pact4 The Royal Pact and its impact on Working Conditions5 Maintaining Economic Stability outside of the State6 Osteobiographies: Economic Stability during the 18th Dynasty7 Connecting Economic Stability to Health Outcomes at Deir el-Medina8 Conclusion1 How Wealth made Health in Ancient Egypt2 Revealing Hidden Heterogeneity in Frailty in the past Beyond Ancient Egypt3 Healthmaking in Ancient EgyptAppendix: The Osteological DatasetsWorks CitedIndex