Handbook of Crisis Communication

W. Timothy Coombs is a former Professor at Texas A&M University and an Advisor for the Centre for Crisis and Risk Communications. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Association for Business Communication’s Business Impact Award. He is the author of Code Red in the Boardroom and Today’s Public Relations. Sherry J. Holladay is a former Professor at Texas A&M University and an independent researcher. She is the co-author (with W. Timothy Coombs) of It’s Not Just PR and PR Strategy and Application, and the author of numerous articles related to corporate communication.

• Acknowledgments xiNotes on Contributors xiiiOrientation to the Second Edition xxviiPart I Explication of Methods1 Crisis Communication and Computational Methods 3Toni G.L.A. van der Meer and Anne C. Kroon2 Extending Experimental Crisis Communication Research: Reflections and Recommendations 17Kenon A. Brown and Courtney D. Boman3 Crisis Response Effectiveness: Methodological Considerations for Advancement of Empirical Research about Response Impact 31Tomasz A. Fediuk, Isabel C. Botero and Kristin M. Pace4 Tackling the Information Overload: Using Automated Content Analysis for Crisis Communication Research 53Daniel Vogler and Florian MeissnerPart II Theory Refinement and Development5 A Meta- Theoretical Orientation to Crisis Communication 69Henry S. Seeger6 Corporate Apologia as Crisis Communication 81Keith M. Hearit7 The Benefits and Pitfalls of Stealing Thunder 99An- Sofie Claeys8 Contingent Organization–Public Relationships and their Application in Organizational Crises 113Yang Cheng and Glen T. Cameron9 Revisiting the Discourse of Renewal Theory: Clarifications, Extensions, Interdisciplinary Opportunities 127Timothy L. Sellnow, Matthew W. Seeger and Ronisha Sheppard10 Title IX in the Age of #MeToo: The Limits of Discourse of Renewal on Crisis Communication 137Jessica Ford11 Social- Mediated Crisis Communication Research: How Information Generation, Consumption, and Transmission Influence Communication Processes and Outcomes 151Yan Jin, Lucinda Austin and Brooke Fisher Liu12 Rhetorical Arena Theory: Revisited and Expanded 169Finn Frandsen and Winni Johansen13 Antifragile Paracrisis Communication: Managing Paracrises as Crisis Risks and Potential Opportunities 183Feifei Chen14 Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT): Refining and Clarifying a Cognitive-Based Theory of Crisis Communication 193W. Timothy CoombsPart III New DirectionsPart III a Political Crises15 Crisis Communication in Authoritarian Systems and Digital Innovation: How Do Autocracies Resolve the Dictator’s Dilemma in Crisis Situations? 209Gregory Asmolov16 Political Crisis or Political Cartoon: Which Comes First? 229Linda Hamilton- Korey and Gayle Pohl17 US Presidents and Crisis Communication 247Denise M. BostdorffPart III b Public Health Crises18 Integrating Strategy and Dosage: A New Conceptual Formula for Overcoming Unintended Effects in Public Health Crisis Communication (PHCC) 263Xuerong Lu and Yan JinPart III c Natural Disasters19 Mitigating Crises: Analyzing, Planning, Organizing, Mobilizing, and Communicating to Address Natural Disasters 285Robert L. Heath20 Rescue Communication: Official and Volunteer Groups’ Use of Mobile and Social Media During Disasters that Become Crises 301Keri K. Stephens and Kendall P. Tich21 Communicating Disaster Preparedness: Combining Individual- and Community-Level Perspectives to Achieve more Lasting Resilience 313Brett W. Robertson and Keri K. Stephens22 A Community Engagement Approach to Natural Hazard Communication 327Maureen Taylor, Kim Johnston and Barb RyanPart III d Organizational Crises23 Odwalla: The “Golden Standard” of Crisis Management? 345Rachel Whitten24 The Impact of Language Abstraction on the Effectiveness of Information Strategies During a Product- Harm Crisis 357Gijs Fannes and An- Sofie Claeys25 From Managing Emotion to Trauma- Informed Management: A New Direction in Crisis Communication 373Stephanie Madden and Nicholas Eng26 “Say It Like You Mean It”: An Exploration of How Members of the Public Perceive Audiovisual Crisis Responses 391Lieze Schoofs, An- Sofie Claeys and Eva Koppen27 Strategic Improvisation in Crisis Communication 405Jesper Falkheimer and Mats Heide28 Visual Media in Crisis Response: How Crisis Responders and Influencers Use Visual Media in the Digital Age in Crisis Response 421Betsy Emmons29 Scansis: Changing the Landscape of Crisis Communication Research and Practice 431Elina R. Tachkova30 Improving Crisis Communication Through Instructional Design 441Melony Shemberger31 Prepare and Manage an Environmental Crisis 451Thierry Libaert32 Exploring Crisis History’s Impacts: How Organizations’ Previous Crises Impact Current Crisis Perceptions 459LaShonda L. Eaddy33 Three Decades of Sport- Related Crisis Communication: A Trends Study of the Emergence and Growth of a Crisis Communication Subfield 471Jennifer L. Harker34 Climate Crisis Communication in Global News Videos: A Multimodal Discourse Approach to Multifaceted Knowledge and Reaction Management 491Carmen Daniela Maier and Silvia RavazzaniPart IV Application to Practice35 Advancing Crisis Communication Effectiveness: Integrating Crisis Scholarship with Practice 509Bryan H. Reber, Yan Jin and Glen J. Nowak36 How Crisis Communication Can Become an Evidence- Based Practice? 519Jo Detavernier37 Improving Crisis Communication: When Good Advice Becomes Impractical 525Hoh Kim38 Building a Career from Crisis Responder to Crisis Communicator: A Journey of Learning and Growth Through Canada’s Costliest Natural Disasters and Largest Peacetime Evacuations 545Benjamin MorganPostscript 553W. Timothy CoombsIndex 555