Handbook of Applied Health Economics in Vaccines

David Bishai is a professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the former President of the International Health Economics Association. From 2016 to 2020 he led partners from 6 countries in producing courses in vaccine economics. Logan Brenzel is a health economist with more than 35 years of health financing and development experience worldwide. Logan has a PhD in Health Economics from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health; an MS in Health Policy and Management from the Harvard School of Public Health; and a BA in Human Biology and Humanities (Honors) from Stanford University. At the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Logan manages a portfolio on immunization economics and financing, including COVID-19 vaccines, and supports health systems strengthening partnerships in the Africa region. Since 2003, Logan has provided policy advice to Gavi related to co-financing, eligibility, and transition. William Padula is a professor of pharmaceutical and health economics at University of Southern California, and fellow in the Leonard Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics. His work explores the theoretical foundations of medical cost-effectiveness analysis. He teaches coursework in vaccine economics at universities throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. In 2021, he published the first peer-reviewed U.S. model on the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination. He holds a PhD in Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research from University of Colorado; MS, Evaluative Clinical Science from Dartmouth College; MS, Analytics from University of Chicago; and BS, Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University.

• 1. Principles of vaccine economics1.0: Chapter introduction1.1: Introduction to global vaccine systems1.2: Relevance of health economics to vaccines1.3: Cost of finding and making vaccines: implications for immunization programs1.4: Vaccination as investment in human capital1.5: Economics of vaccine delivery2. Estimating the cost of immunization services2.0: Chapter introduction2.1: Why costing studies are needed2.2: Defining immunization costs2.3: Designing a primary costing study or analysis2.4: Data analysis2.5: Costing new vaccine introduction3. Economic evaluation of vaccines and vaccine programs3.0: Chapter introduction3.1: Overview of decision analysis and cost-effectiveness3.2: Defining the scope and study design of cost-effectiveness analysis3.3: Parameter estimation3.4: Measuring and valuing health outcomes3.5: Reporting and interpreting results of economic evaluation3.6: Budget impact analysis and return on investment3.7: Introduction to decision tree modeling4. Advanced methods in economic evaluation4.0: Chapter introduction4.1: Introduction to Markov modeling4.2: Static and dynamic modeling4.3: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and value of information analysis4.4: Economic evaluation reference case with Markov model5. Financing and resource tracking of vaccination Pprograms5.0: Chapter introduction5.1: Introduction to immunization financing and expenditure5.2: Financing of immunization programs5.3: Donor architecture for immunization financingAppendices1: EXERCISE: A CASE-STUDY ON ESTIMATING THE TOTAL AND UNIT ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION COSTS FROM THE FACILITY TO THE NATIONAL LEVEL2: EXERCISE: ESTIMATING NEW VACCINE INTRODUCTION COSTS3: IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES AND LINE ITEM COSTS4: MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES (MDPS)5: DERIVATION OF THE ANNUAL EXPECTED COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INFECTED STATE6: MAKING MODELS PROBABILISTIC AND ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF INFORMATION

This volume is the most relevant contemporary contribution to the field of vaccination and economics...This book is essential reading for policy makers and health policy analysts, and will no doubt serve as a valuable tool going forward.