Fundamentals of Nursing Models, Theories and Practice

Hugh P. Mckenna, CBE, PhD, BSc (Hons), RMN, RGN, RNT, DipN (Lond), AdvDipEd, FFN, FRCSI, FEANS, FRCN, FAAN, MAE, MEASA, Emeritus Professor, Ulster University, UK. Majda Pajnkihar, PhD, RN, FAAN, FEANS, Professor, Senior Research Fellow, Head of Institute of Nursing Care, Head of the Doctoral Study Program Nursing Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Slovenia. Dominika Vrbnjak, PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Slovenia.

• Preface viiiAcknowledgements and Dedications xHow to Use Your Textbook xiAbout the Companion Website xivChapter 1 The Case for Nursing Theory 1Introduction 1The Necessity and Meaning of Theory 3Theory Defined 4Construction of Theory 8Theory and Science of Nursing 9Other Interpretations of Theory 11Main Paradigms and Philosophies and Their Influence on the Development of Nursing Science 11Theory and Practice of Nursing 13Do We Really Need Theory? 14Nursing Theories Today 15Conclusion 17Additional Reading 18References 18Chapter 2 Knowing in Nursing and Nursing Knowledge 21Introduction 22Definitions of Knowing and Knowledge 22Philosophies of Knowledge 23How Do Nurses Know? 32Categories of Knowing 37Mixed Methods 45Conclusion 46Useful Web Links 46References 47Chapter 3 Theory from Practice and Practice from Theory 49Introduction 49First Steps – Reflecting on Theory 50The Questions Begged 51Developing Nursing Theory 51Levels of Theory 53The Relationship Between Theory and Practice 64The Questions Begged – Some Answers 71Conclusion 72Additional Reading 72References 73Chapter 4 Nursing Theories and New Nursing Roles 77Introduction 77Defining Role 78Background to the Development of New Roles in Nursing 78Some Implications of the New Nursing Roles 79Using Theory to Understand New Roles in Nursing 80Conclusion 88Further Reading 88References 89Chapter 5 Nursing Theories or Nursing Models 93Introduction 94Reasons for Historical Nursing Theory Evolution 94Model 96Theory 97Theory or Model? 98The Classification of Theories 100Current Trends in Nursing Theories 103The Nursing Metaparadigm 103Benefits of Nursing Theories 107Limitations of Nursing Theories 110Conclusions 112Additional Reading 114References 114Chapter 6 Interpersonal Relationships: The Essence of Nursing Models and Theories 118Introduction 119Types of Interpersonal Relationships 119Personal Knowing 121Classifications of Interaction Theories According to Different Authors 123Implications for Nurse Practice, Research and Education 127Social Capital 128Challenges to the Development of Interpersonal Relationships in Nursing and the Use of Interpersonal Theories 129Conclusion 132Additional Reading 132Useful Web Links 133References 133Chapter 7 How to Select a Suitable Model or Theory for Practice 136Introduction 137Selecting an Appropriate Nursing Theory 138Potential Problems when Selecting a Nursing Theory 139Choosing a Suitable Nursing Theory 144Nurses’ Own Philosophy as a Basis for Selecting a Theory 148A Strategy for Choice 149Who Should Select the Theory? 150Nursing Theories Versus Theories Developed by Other Disciplines 150Conclusion 152Useful Web Links 154References 154Chapter 8 Research and Theory: A Reciprocal Relationship 156Introduction 157What is the Link Between Theory and Research? 159Research in Nursing 160Theory-Generating Research (TGR) 161Theory-Testing Research (TTR) 165Theory-Framed Research (TFR) 167Theory-Evaluating Research (TER) 168Strategies for Theory Development Through Research 172Conclusions 176Additional Reading 176Useful Web Links 177References 177Chapter 9 Criteria for Theory Description, Analysis and Evaluation 179Introduction 180The Evaluator of a Nursing Theory 180Significance of the Theory 181Step 1: Theory Description 182Step 2: Theory Analysis 184Step 3: Theory Evaluation 190Conclusion 196Additional Reading 197References 197Appendix A The Metaparadigm Elements as Outlined in Twenty Nursing Grand Theories 199Index 202